Composting at Home

What you need to know about composting at home


Composting is the general term for the natural process of recycling organic matter into fertiliser. We use this term to describe home composting, commercial composting and worm farming. Though they are different processes, they all start with organic matter and end with nutrient rich fertiliser that’s environmentally friendly. 

Home composting describes a compost system you would set up in a backyard, school or community garden. 

How to compost at home fact sheet


Composting your food scraps and garden waste is one of the best ways to help fight climate change. Feed your garden with nutritious compost while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions!.


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Setting up your home compost

How does composting work?


Composting is the breakdown of organic matter.  
1. Chemical breakdown, through organic enzymes, occurs, causing the heap to heat up as chemical bonds are broken, releasing energy.  
2. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes become active- they also contribute to the heating up of the pile.  
3. Larger organisms, like worms, slaters and millipedes become more active as the heap cools. 
4. These processes are called aerobic digestion resulting in the nutrient rich compost ‘dirt’ which we then use to enrich the soil. 

This will vary from council to council. Find more details in our compost Fact Sheet

What can I put in my home compost?

Your home composting system should have a good balance of the following materials:

Further Information

Some councils offer Food Organic and Garden Organic (FOGO) services through regular kerbside collections. Check with your local council to see if yours is one of them.

 Frequently Asked Questions

Can I compost pet waste at home? 

It is possible to compost pet poo at home, with a few conditions. Here are a few tips to ensure efficacy and safety. 
1. You can purchase or make your own system- you'll need something like an underground worm farm, sometimes known as a "worm buffet" system.  
2. If you have tools, space and an old bin with a lid that clips on, you can remove the bottom and drill holes around the cylinder.  
3. There are specific pet waste systems, but these can get quite expensive. Up to you, your budget and space! 

You will also need an enzyme starter; you can buy specific pet waste enzyme starters from pet shops and hardware stores. We'd also recommend a pooper scooper. 

Choose a location in your garden away from any vegetables or crops that may find their way into your house. This is to avoid any possibility of cross contamination of bacteria, parasites or other nasties. This is especially true of cats, whose feces can carry toxoplasmosis. If you are composting cat waste, you will also need to research your kitty litter compostability. 

If you have the space, you may want to install two systems, so when one is full, you can leave it to compost down nicely and start another. When the material is composted down, fill the hole in with soil and start another site! 

Can I compost pet poo bags at home? 

No, these likely won't compost properly in a home composting system. 

Why don’t we replace plastic bags with biodegradable plastic? 

When it comes to plastics, there is much confusion surrounding the terms 'biodegradable', 'degradable' and 'compostable'. We have provided a guide to the various terms on our RecyclingNearYou website. 

There are official standards for products to be certified 'biodegradable' and 'compostable', and we need to make sure an item is Australian Certified Compostable before we dispose of it through composting. 

For a material to 'biodegrade' it needs to have the availability of oxygen to do so. If a 'biodegradable' material is put into landfill this is an anaerobic environment (lacking oxygen) and cannot biodegrade as it should, though it may break down faster than normal plastics. 

Compostable should mean it will break down in your home compost bin. 

Degradable plastic refers to a plastic that has added chemicals to enable it to breakdown faster. However, this essentially means it breaks down into very small pieces of plastic which are still a big issue from an environmental perspective, so it is somewhat misleading. 

Ultimately, it's better to avoid all single-use plastics whenever possible and reduce the demand for such items to be manufactured in the first place. 

Why can’t I compost teabags or napkins anymore? 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, (PFAS), are a group of manufactured chemicals typically applied as a coating or treatment to products as they are resistant to water, oil and heat. They are used in products including non-stick cookware, water resistant clothing and footwear, cosmetics and food packaging. 

A growing body of research is exposing PFAS as chemicals that should be avoided due to their persistence and mobility in the environment. PFAS are not broken down by factors such as sunlight, water, exposure to air or temperature variability meaning the vast majority of all PFAS ever produced are still circulating today. They have also been found in over 99% of people tested. 

Government and industry are working towards phasing out PFAS in Fibre based food contact packaging. 

Why does my compost smell? 

A bad smell coming from your compost may indicate it is lacking oxygen or missing brown scraps (carbon). Add dry leaves, grass or other brown scraps and mix your compost. 

Why is my compost full of rats? 

Rodents are attracted to smelly or uncovered food. Stir your compost regularly to avoid rodent nesting. Place a wire mesh below your compost so they cannot get in through the soil and ensure the lid is properly closed. A tumbler is less likely to attract rodents. 

What if I don’t have the space for a compost bin? 

Setting up a compost bin is not always an easy option if you live in an apartment or have a small or no garden. In these situations, options include: 
1. Consult with your neighbours or strata to see if a communal food waste station can be set up in your building. 
2. Check to see if your council offers Food Organic and Garden Organic (FOGO) services with your regular council waste collections. 
3. Contact community gardens in your area to see if they will accept food scraps for their compost. 
4. Invest in Bokashi bins which compost food scraps using anaerobic (without oxygen) environment. Bokashi composting in an apartment is fast, easy, and often odourless. It can also compost food scraps not regulalry included in conventional composting, such as meat, dairy, citrus, and onion.

Why aren’t my food scraps breaking down into compost? 

Your compost could be too dry, too cold, or doesn’t have enough oxygen. Turn your compost more frequently, add some water and more green and brown scraps to increase its mass and generate more heat. 



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