Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is an innovative recycling program that provides Australians with a free and easy way to recycle their used printer cartridges. On this RecyclingNearYou site Australians can find literally thousands drop off of locations around the country to recycle their used printer cartridges and toner bottles. Find out more.
Recycling Printer Cartridges includes:
Ink Cartridges
Toner Cartridges
Inkjet
Laser cartridges
Toner modules
Ink modules
Printing supplies
Supply cartridges
Cartridges
470 Newcasle St, West Perth
0.6km
298 Vincent St, Leederville
1.1km
1 Cambridge St, West Lederville
1.1km
25 Sutherland Street, West Perth
1.1km
45 Francis St, Northbridge
1.5km
1195 Hay St, West Perth
1.7km
1255 Hay Street, West Perth
1.8km
125 Stirling St, Perth
1.8km
861 Hay St, Perth Cloisters
1.9km
Shop 17, 863 Hay Street, Perth
1.9km
378 Wellington St Shop 1, Perth
1.9km
760 Hay Street, Perth CBD
2.0km
3-7 Forrest Place, Perth
2.0km
706 Hay Street, Perth
2.0km
682a Beaufort St, Mount Lawley
2.1km
100 St. Georges Tce, Perth
2.2km
160 Hay St, Subiaco
2.2km
183 Scarborough Beach Rd, Mount Hawthorn
2.2km
Level 5, Perth
2.2km
Unit 1, 217 Hay Street, Subiaco
2.2km
69 Edward Street, Perth
2.3km
66 St Georges Tce, Perth
2.3km
52-62 Lord St, East Perth
2.4km
172 Rokeby Road, Subiaco
3.0km
186a Harborne Street, Wembley
3.1km
249 Hay St, East Perth
3.1km
885 Beaufort St, Inglewood
3.5km
341b Cambridge St, Wembley
3.9km
3/108 Wanneroo Road, Yokine
4.0km
214 Nicholson Rd, Subiaco
4.2km
103 Millpoint Rd, South Perth
4.2km
62b Walter Rd, Bedford
4.2km
381 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
4.3km
180b Grand Prom, Bedford
4.4km
Shop 5, Shenton Park
4.7km
203 Flinders St, Yokine
4.7km
212 Main St, Osborne Park
4.8km
366 Grand Promenade, Dianella
4.9km
2 Verdun St, Nedlunds
5.0km
59 Angelo St, South Perth
5.2km
2 O'Malley St Unit 7, Osborne Park
5.3km
425 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
5.3km
469-475 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
5.4km
8 Collingwood St, Osborne Park
5.5km
277 Great Western Hwy, Burswood
5.5km
5 Howtree Pl, Floreat
5.5km
10 Sundercombe Street, Osborne Park
5.6km
501 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
5.6km
137 Russel St, Morley
5.9km
85 Whatley Cr, Bayswater
6.1km
4 Marchant Way, Morley
6.1km
60 Lemnos Street, Shenton Park
6.1km
414 Albany Highway, Victoria Park
6.2km
Ellen Stirling Boulevard, Innaloo
6.2km
2/86 Hillsborough Dve, Nollamara
6.2km
388 Scarborough Beach Rd, Innaloo
6.2km
Shop 52 4 Collier Rd, Morley
6.3km
262 Canning Hwy, Como
6.3km
262B Canning Hwy, Como
6.3km
Shop 2, Crawley
6.4km
82-86 Rosewood Ave, Woodlands
6.4km
SHOP 4 25 Preston St,
6.5km
125 King William St, Bayswater
6.6km
118 Kooyong Rd, Riverdale
6.6km
92 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands
6.7km
1 Broome St Council Depot, Nedlands
6.7km
225 Great Eastern Highway, Belmont
6.9km
Shop 2, 53 Belmont Avenue, Belmont
7.0km
Shop 30, East Victoria Park
7.2km
8 Ashton Ave, Claremont
7.2km
Shop 7 201 Amelia St, Balcatta
7.2km
Shop 90 43 Yirrigan Drive, Mirrabooka
7.2km
18 Archer Street, Carlisle
7.4km
225 Alexander Rd, Belmont
7.9km
Shop 8, Wembley Downs
7.9km
42-58 Benara Rd, Noranda
8.0km
58 Benara Road, Noranda
8.0km
29 Strickland St, Mount Claremont
8.0km
31 Gayton Rd, City Beach
8.0km
Shop 11 81 Waratah Ave, Dalkeith
8.2km
2 Bay View Tce, Claremont
8.3km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
8.4km
Tenancy 2/1377-1381 Albany Hwy, Cannington
8.4km
98 Oats St, Carlisle
8.4km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
8.4km
478 Wanneroo Rd, Westminster
8.4km
377A Belvidere St, Cloverdale
8.5km
Unit 14, 40 Belvidere Street, Belmont
8.5km
902 Canning Hwy, Applecross
8.5km
227 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
8.5km
168 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
8.6km
277 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
8.7km
7/220 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
8.7km
16E Calais Rd, Scarborough
8.8km
15 Welwyn Ave, Manning
8.9km
230 Manning Rd, Karawara
9.0km
Unit 3, 188 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
9.1km
3/188 Balcatta Road, Balcatta
9.1km
12 Macadam Place, BALCATTA
9.2km
2/103 Erindale Rd, Balcatta
9.2km
200-330 Karrinyup Rd, Karrinyup
9.2km
111 Claremont Crescent, Swanbourne
9.3km
239 Planet St Building 1, Welshpool
9.3km
377A Belgravia St, Cloverdale
9.4km
71 Kent Way, Malaga
9.5km
9 Hill View Pl, Bentley
9.5km
Shop MJ0220, Karrinyup
9.5km
37 Mulgul Rd, Malaga
9.6km
773 Canning Hwy, Applecross
9.6km
379 Boud Ave, Perth Airport
9.6km
U7 1904 Beach Rd, Malaga
9.7km
1892 Beach Rd, Malaga
9.7km
27 Kent Way, Malaga
9.7km
24 Kent Way, Malaga
9.7km
Unit 2, Kewdale
9.7km
Tenancy 1, 1915 Beach Road, Malaga
9.7km
23 Exhibition Drive, Malaga
9.8km
Unit 3 85 Walter Road E, Bassendean
9.8km
23-27 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
9.9km
Shop 44a, 1140 Albany Highway, Bentley
10.0km
Cnr Hedley Pl Manning Road, Bentley
10.1km
Unit 23/244 Beringarra Avenue, Malaga
10.1km
Shop 12 Lot 2 West Road, Bassendean
10.4km
101-103 Pilbara St, Welshpool
10.7km
Shop 72, 675 Beach Road, Warwick
10.7km
1 Leake St, Peppermint Grove
10.7km
Shop 9 276 Leach Hwy, Booragoon
10.8km
Unit 8B/64 Kewdale Rd, Welshpool
10.9km
543 Stirling Highway, Cottesloe
10.9km
Shop 1, Cottesloe
10.9km
643 Beach Rd Shop 7, Warwick
10.9km
6/15 Tribute St, Shelley
11.0km
125 Riseley St, Booragoon
11.0km
334 Treasure Rd, Welshpool
11.3km
64 Marangaroo Drive, Girrawheen
11.3km
193 Sevenoaks St, Cannington
11.4km
Shop 3a, Girrawheen
11.4km
Shop 20 225 Illawarra Crescent South, Ballajura
11.5km
Shop 5a 161 Altone Rd, Beechboro
11.5km
Corner Kent Street & Queens Park Road, Wilson
11.6km
55 Central Rd, Rossmoyne
11.6km
1317 Albany Highway, Cannington
11.7km
64 Cranford Ave, Brentwood
11.7km
50 Harvey St, Mosman Park
11.7km
1 Affleck Rd, Perth Aiport
11.8km
390 Canning Hwy, Melville
11.8km
1/500 Marmion St, Booragoon
11.8km
116 Wellington St, Mosman Park
11.8km
2/161 High Rd, Willetton
11.9km
19A/6 Davallia Rd, Duncraig
11.9km
81 Ranford Road, Canning Vale
11.9km
2/121 James Street, Guildford
12.0km
11 -13 Gympie Way, Willetton
12.0km
12 Cecil Ave, Cannington
12.0km
24 Stirling St, Guildford
12.2km
1382 Albany Highway, Cannington
12.2km
1363 Albany Highway, Cannington
12.3km
Shop 2 380 Canning Highway, Bicton
12.3km
1348-1386 Albany Hwy, Cannington
12.3km
276 Leach Hwy Shop 9, Booragoon
12.4km
Shop 11a, North Beach
12.5km
Shop 5, Greeenwood
12.5km
42 McCoy Street, Myaree
12.5km
276 Leach Hwy, Myaree
12.6km
Shop 35 2-14 Willeri Dr, Parkwood
12.6km
Shop 10a 59 Arnisdale Road, Duncraig
13.0km
168-182 Wanneroo Rd, Madeley
13.2km
265-277 Canning Hwy, Palmyra
13.4km
Shop 6A, Bull Creek
13.5km
39 Burrendah Blvd, Willetton
13.6km
16 Riversdale St Enviro Dept, Welshpool
13.6km
Lynwood Drv, Lynwood
13.6km
10 Warrigal Way, Greenwood
13.7km
80 Archibald St, Willagee
13.7km
19 Sheppard Way, Marmion
13.7km
Tenancy 4, 50 William Street, Cannington
13.8km
109-141 Somerville Bvd Shop 8, Winthrop
13.8km
6a Webber St, Willagee
13.8km
202 William St, Beckenham
13.8km
45 Burrenbah Bvd, Willenton
13.9km
Shop 8, Winthrop
13.9km
50 Marri Rd, Duncraig
14.0km
8 Absolon St Palmyra Delivery Centre, Palmyra
14.1km
Shop 12 46-50 Benningfield Rd, Bull Creek
14.3km
133 Garling Street, O'Connor
14.4km
530 Kalamunda Road Shop16, High Wycombe
14.5km
211 Queen Victoria St, North Fremantle
14.5km
56-70 Langford Rd, Langford
14.6km
322 Stock Road, O'connor
14.7km
2 Stockdale Road, O'Connor
14.7km
170 Bannister Road, Canning Vale
14.8km
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
15.0km
307 Great Eastern Hwy, Midland
15.0km
1-15 South Street, Kardinya
15.1km
382 South Street, OConnor
15.1km
92 Queen Victoria Street, Fremantle
15.3km
431 Kalamunda Rd, High Wycombe
15.4km
100 Kingsley Dve, Kingsley
15.4km
Cnr Clayton and Lloyd Street, Midland
15.6km
shop 2 290 South st, Hilton
15.7km
19A Montreal Street, Fremantle
15.7km
279 South St, Hilton
15.7km
Unit 1, Midland Central, Midland
15.8km
Cnr Lloyd & Clayton St, Midland
15.8km
11 Salix Way, Forestfield
15.8km
Shop 18m, Forrestfield
15.8km
58 The Crescent, Midland
15.8km
98 Morrison Road, Midland
15.9km
75 Warburton Ave, Padbury
16.0km
5/142 High St, Fremantle
16.2km
5 Trappers Drive, Woodvale
16.3km
Shop 5 73 Belmont Rd, Kenwick
16.5km
13 Market Street, Fremantle
16.5km
1/11 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
16.7km
5 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
16.8km
SHOP 16 78 Coolbellup Ave, Coolbellup
16.9km
184 Hope Road, Bibra Lake
16.9km
Shop 1, Hamilton Hill
16.9km
331-333 Carrington Street, Hilton
16.9km
Shop 23, Thornlie
17.0km
Shop 21 Thornlie Square S/C, Thornlie
17.0km
Cnr Whitford & Marmion Ave, Hillarys
17.0km
Shop 48 Attfield St, Maddington
17.3km
Shop 24 219 Hampton Rd, South Fremantle
17.7km
Unit 2/95 Kelvin Road, Maddington
17.8km
Shop 3 100-104 Ranford Rd, Canning Vale
17.8km
3/61 Farrall Road, Midvale
17.9km
153 Trappers Drv, Woodvale
18.1km
470 Whitfords Ave, Hillarys
18.2km
Shop 13, Craigie
18.7km
21-23 Port Pirie St, Bibra Lake Dc
18.7km
15 Perilya Road, Craigie
18.7km
271 Amherst Rd, Canning Vale
19.1km
254 Rockingham Rd, Spearwood
19.1km
Shop 6a 40-42 Marlboro Rd, Swan View
19.2km
Shop 14, South Lake
19.3km
Shop 2 777 Great Northern Hwy, Herne Hill
19.9km
14 Barber Street, Kalamunda
19.9km
1/9 Highpoint Blvd, Ellenbrook
19.9km
11 Main St, Ellenbrook
19.9km
Shop 5 9 Gunter Grv, Beldon
19.9km
243 Lesmurdie Rd, Lesmurdie
20.2km
4 The Gateway, Joondalup
20.6km
2244 Albany Highway, Gosnells
20.8km
366 Eddystone Ave, Edgewater
20.8km
Shop 16 950 Wanneroo Road, Wanneroo
20.9km
7 Honeybush Drv, Joondalup
20.9km
Unit 20, 87 Armadale Road, Jandakot
21.1km
15-17 Sundew Rise, Joondalup
21.1km
Unit 1, 87 Armadale Road, Cockburn
21.2km
20 Stockton Boulevard, Cockburn Central
21.3km
99 Caridean St, Heathridge
21.4km
Shop 5, Wanneroo
21.4km
Lot 182 Beeliar Dve, Success
21.5km
816 Beeliar Drive, Success
21.7km
36 Clarke Crescent, Joondalup
22.3km
102 Boas Avenue, Joondalup
22.6km
Shop T140, Joondalup
22.8km
420 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup
22.9km
155 Lawnbrook Road, Walliston
23.1km
15 Dwyer Turn, Joondalup
23.3km
124 Winton Rd Unit 5, Joondalup
23.3km
4/124 Winton Road, Joondalup
23.4km
Shop 7 68 Constellation Dr, Ocean Reef
23.4km
50 Mcglew Rd, Glen Forrest
23.6km
7 Railway Pde Shop 1, Glen Forrest
23.7km
Shop 23 2784 Albany Highway, Kelmscott
25.0km
2/13 Page Road, Kelmscott
25.2km
98 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
25.7km
82 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
25.9km
26 Brant Rd, Kelmscott
26.1km
1048 Rockingham Rd, Wattleup
27.5km
165 Postans Road, Hope Valley
28.3km
1700 Marmion Avenue, Tamala Park
28.5km
21 Jarrah Rd, Roleystone
28.5km
Shop 1 206 Jull Street, Armadale
28.6km
10 Prospect Road, Armadale
28.7km
Jull Street SHOP MM02, Level 1, Armadale SC, Armadale
28.7km
50 Fourth Road, Armadale
28.9km
LOT 2443 Canning Road, Pickering Brook
29.1km
Tenancy 11, Lifestyle Zone, Ocean Keys, Clarkson
29.8km
36 Ocean Keys Blv, Clarkson
30.0km
36 Ocean Keys Bvd, Clarkson
30.0km
7295 Great Eastern Hwy, Mundaring
30.0km
1 Somerville Drive, Rottnest Island
30.2km
Shop 1, Clarkson
30.5km
5345 Richardson Road, Stoneville
30.7km
2529 Great Northern Hwy, Bullsbrook
33.9km
Shop 41, Kwinana Town Centre
34.5km
875 South West Hwy, Byford
35.1km
29 Ocean St, Kwinana Beach
35.4km
Tenancy 1, 3-9 Enterprise Way, Rockingham
38.4km
40 Crompton Road, Rockingham
38.5km
50 Kent St, Rockingham
39.3km
4 Kent St, Rockingham
39.6km
4405 Thomas St, Chidlow
40.0km
9 Mackinnon Street, Rockingham
40.2km
Shop 4, Rockingham
40.4km
1 Council Ave Tenancy 174, Rockingham
40.5km
1 Council Ave, Rockingham
40.7km
Lot 1 Brand Hwy, Muchea
41.3km
28 Paterson St, Mundijong
41.9km
60 - 64 Penguin Rd, Safety Bay
43.0km
Shop 17, Waikiki
43.1km
155 Orchard Rd, Wooroloo
46.2km
206 Warnbro Sound Ave, Warnbro
46.5km
674 Jarrahdale Rd, Jarrahdale
48.9km
22 Wellard St, Serpentine
49.2km
400-402 Saltaire Way, Port Kennedy
49.4km
21 Hammond Rd. (access from gate off Spencer St), Cockburn Central
Tidy Up offers a collection service through our fleet of 8 cubic metre trucks for all sorts of waste materials to be transported to either a resource recyclers, a licensed disposal site, our Cockburn Central holding yard, or our salvage store. We offer an alternative to hiring bins or trailers for your rubbish removal needs.
Western Australia
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
Same day pickup of commercial e-waste. ISO 18001 Certified ISO 14001 : 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007. Secure certified data deletion, DoD 3 & 7. Highest Industry Standards AS5377:2013. Certificate of Destruction Asset Management. Centrally Monitored Warehouse. 0% of the E-Waste Goes to the Landfill
Western Australia
4 Del Park Road, North Dandalup
We accept -10c Containers (Containers for Change) -Nespresso Pods -Mobile Phone & Accessories (Mobile Muster) -Printer Cartridges -Batteries (Car & Home) -Light Bulbs -HDPE (Milk Bottles & Other #2 Items)
Western Australia
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling scheme that has been operating for more than 20 years. There are more than 1,500 public drop-off locations around the country. So far, more than 57 million cartridges have been recycled through the scheme.
Empty laser and inkjet cartridges can be recycled at?all Officeworks?stores and participating Australia Post, Cartridge World, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, JB Hi-Fi, Office National and Office Products Depot outlets. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Please note, some boxes may not be visible or on display due to limited store floor space. In these cases, please ask the staff at the counter and hand your cartridges directly to them.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes cartridges used in printers, photocopiers and fax machines . The program accepts inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits.
The Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program is an example of an extended producer responsibility program. The six participating brands , Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera pay for the collection and recycling of their cartridges.
When printer cartridges break apart in landfill, they have the potential to contaminate groundwater and the environment. Recycling your used cartridges instead of putting them in the bin, protects the environment and keeps the materials used to make the cartridges in use.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners, they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are disposed of into landfill these resources are lost. Recycling ensures these materials are used again, which reduces demand for mining new materials and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
All cartridges collected through the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program are sent to our recovery partner in Melbourne, Close the Loop™. The program has a zero waste to landfill guarantee, which means every part of the cartridge is recovered and used again.
At the recycling facility, the cartridges are hand sorted and their brand and type recorded. Many of the laser cartridges are sent back to the original equipment manufacturers for re-manufacturing or recovery programs.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of potentially valuable and/or hazardous raw materials, they require state-of-the-art equipment for safe processing and handling.
Inkjet cartridges, toner bottles and drum units are processed and reduced to smaller particles so they can be separated and sorted. Magnets are used to remove ferrous (iron-based) metals, while eddie currents are used to remove aluminium.
The result is the recovery of 'raw' materials, which can be substituted for 'virgin' or new materials in manufacturing to make new products.
If your workplace, business, community group, university or school uses more than three inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Yes, but they should never be placed in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other items in the bin. They can be recycled through commercial recycling services or through Australia’s free recycling program, Cartridges 4 Planet Ark . The program has thousands of recycling locations across the country, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online .
Yes, printer and toner cartridges can be dropped off for recycling at most Officeworks stores. The cartridges will be recycled through Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
No. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home or work. They can only be recycled through specialised recycling services.
is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program more than 20 years ago. The program has collected and recycled almost 57 million cartridges in that time. The program is free to use because it is supported by participating manufacturers of printer cartridges: Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera. Our Melbourne-based recycling partner, Close the Loop recycles the cartridges and is independently audited on an annual basis for its zero waste to landfill guarantee.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are sent to landfill instead of a recycling facility, these resources are lost. Recycling your used printer and toner cartridges ensures the materials are used again to make new products, which reduces demand to extract new materials from the earth and associated greenhouse gas emissions.