Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is an innovative recycling program that provides Australians with a free and easy way to recycle their used printer cartridges. On this RecyclingNearYou site Australians can find literally thousands drop off of locations around the country to recycle their used printer cartridges and toner bottles. Find out more.
Recycling Printer Cartridges includes:
Ink Cartridges
Toner Cartridges
Inkjet
Laser cartridges
Toner modules
Ink modules
Printing supplies
Supply cartridges
Cartridges
Shop 5, Shenton Park
0.4km
2 Verdun St, Nedlunds
0.7km
214 Nicholson Rd, Subiaco
1.0km
60 Lemnos Street, Shenton Park
1.7km
1 Broome St Council Depot, Nedlands
1.7km
92 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands
1.9km
172 Rokeby Road, Subiaco
2.1km
8 Ashton Ave, Claremont
2.2km
Shop 2, Crawley
2.4km
341b Cambridge St, Wembley
2.4km
Unit 1, 217 Hay Street, Subiaco
2.8km
160 Hay St, Subiaco
2.9km
5 Howtree Pl, Floreat
3.2km
29 Strickland St, Mount Claremont
3.2km
2 Bay View Tce, Claremont
3.3km
1255 Hay Street, West Perth
3.4km
1195 Hay St, West Perth
3.6km
Shop 11 81 Waratah Ave, Dalkeith
3.6km
1 Cambridge St, West Lederville
4.0km
25 Sutherland Street, West Perth
4.0km
186a Harborne Street, Wembley
4.2km
103 Millpoint Rd, South Perth
4.2km
298 Vincent St, Leederville
4.2km
111 Claremont Crescent, Swanbourne
4.2km
861 Hay St, Perth Cloisters
4.4km
Shop 17, 863 Hay Street, Perth
4.4km
760 Hay Street, Perth CBD
4.7km
Level 5, Perth
4.7km
470 Newcasle St, West Perth
4.7km
100 St. Georges Tce, Perth
4.7km
706 Hay Street, Perth
4.8km
66 St Georges Tce, Perth
4.8km
3-7 Forrest Place, Perth
4.9km
45 Francis St, Northbridge
5.1km
378 Wellington St Shop 1, Perth
5.1km
183 Scarborough Beach Rd, Mount Hawthorn
5.4km
125 Stirling St, Perth
5.5km
59 Angelo St, South Perth
5.5km
381 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
5.6km
31 Gayton Rd, City Beach
5.7km
1 Leake St, Peppermint Grove
5.7km
52-62 Lord St, East Perth
5.7km
Shop 1, Cottesloe
5.9km
543 Stirling Highway, Cottesloe
5.9km
SHOP 4 25 Preston St,
5.9km
249 Hay St, East Perth
5.9km
69 Edward Street, Perth
6.1km
82-86 Rosewood Ave, Woodlands
6.2km
469-475 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
6.4km
425 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
6.5km
501 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
6.5km
2 O'Malley St Unit 7, Osborne Park
6.5km
262 Canning Hwy, Como
6.6km
262B Canning Hwy, Como
6.6km
902 Canning Hwy, Applecross
6.7km
Shop 8, Wembley Downs
6.7km
50 Harvey St, Mosman Park
6.7km
773 Canning Hwy, Applecross
6.9km
388 Scarborough Beach Rd, Innaloo
6.9km
682a Beaufort St, Mount Lawley
6.9km
10 Sundercombe Street, Osborne Park
7.0km
8 Collingwood St, Osborne Park
7.0km
116 Wellington St, Mosman Park
7.0km
Ellen Stirling Boulevard, Innaloo
7.2km
212 Main St, Osborne Park
7.5km
3/108 Wanneroo Road, Yokine
7.6km
390 Canning Hwy, Melville
7.8km
16E Calais Rd, Scarborough
8.0km
Shop 2 380 Canning Highway, Bicton
8.1km
15 Welwyn Ave, Manning
8.1km
Shop 9 276 Leach Hwy, Booragoon
8.2km
168 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
8.3km
125 Riseley St, Booragoon
8.4km
414 Albany Highway, Victoria Park
8.5km
885 Beaufort St, Inglewood
8.6km
1/500 Marmion St, Booragoon
8.6km
203 Flinders St, Yokine
8.6km
277 Great Western Hwy, Burswood
8.9km
23-27 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
8.9km
265-277 Canning Hwy, Palmyra
8.9km
42 McCoy Street, Myaree
8.9km
230 Manning Rd, Karawara
9.1km
Shop 30, East Victoria Park
9.1km
62b Walter Rd, Bedford
9.2km
276 Leach Hwy Shop 9, Booragoon
9.2km
276 Leach Hwy, Myaree
9.3km
180b Grand Prom, Bedford
9.5km
64 Cranford Ave, Brentwood
9.5km
366 Grand Promenade, Dianella
9.6km
2/86 Hillsborough Dve, Nollamara
9.6km
211 Queen Victoria St, North Fremantle
9.7km
200-330 Karrinyup Rd, Karrinyup
9.7km
6a Webber St, Willagee
9.8km
118 Kooyong Rd, Riverdale
10.0km
8 Absolon St Palmyra Delivery Centre, Palmyra
10.0km
80 Archibald St, Willagee
10.0km
Shop MJ0220, Karrinyup
10.0km
Shop 7 201 Amelia St, Balcatta
10.1km
18 Archer Street, Carlisle
10.2km
55 Central Rd, Rossmoyne
10.2km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
10.2km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
10.3km
Tenancy 2/1377-1381 Albany Hwy, Cannington
10.3km
9 Hill View Pl, Bentley
10.3km
6/15 Tribute St, Shelley
10.4km
133 Garling Street, O'Connor
10.5km
92 Queen Victoria Street, Fremantle
10.6km
322 Stock Road, O'connor
10.7km
2 Stockdale Road, O'Connor
10.7km
Shop 2, 53 Belmont Avenue, Belmont
10.7km
98 Oats St, Carlisle
10.8km
109-141 Somerville Bvd Shop 8, Winthrop
10.9km
Shop 8, Winthrop
11.0km
137 Russel St, Morley
11.0km
Cnr Hedley Pl Manning Road, Bentley
11.0km
85 Whatley Cr, Bayswater
11.0km
2/161 High Rd, Willetton
11.0km
19A Montreal Street, Fremantle
11.1km
11 -13 Gympie Way, Willetton
11.1km
225 Great Eastern Highway, Belmont
11.2km
4 Marchant Way, Morley
11.2km
7/220 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
11.2km
382 South Street, OConnor
11.3km
Shop 52 4 Collier Rd, Morley
11.3km
2/103 Erindale Rd, Balcatta
11.3km
Unit 3, 188 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
11.3km
478 Wanneroo Rd, Westminster
11.3km
125 King William St, Bayswater
11.3km
3/188 Balcatta Road, Balcatta
11.3km
Shop 90 43 Yirrigan Drive, Mirrabooka
11.4km
shop 2 290 South st, Hilton
11.5km
5/142 High St, Fremantle
11.5km
279 South St, Hilton
11.5km
225 Alexander Rd, Belmont
11.5km
12 Macadam Place, BALCATTA
11.5km
Shop 44a, 1140 Albany Highway, Bentley
11.6km
239 Planet St Building 1, Welshpool
11.6km
Shop 6A, Bull Creek
11.6km
13 Market Street, Fremantle
11.7km
1-15 South Street, Kardinya
11.7km
227 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
12.0km
277 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
12.1km
Shop 12 46-50 Benningfield Rd, Bull Creek
12.2km
39 Burrendah Blvd, Willetton
12.3km
Unit 2, Kewdale
12.3km
Shop 11a, North Beach
12.5km
Corner Kent Street & Queens Park Road, Wilson
12.5km
Shop 35 2-14 Willeri Dr, Parkwood
12.5km
45 Burrenbah Bvd, Willenton
12.5km
377A Belvidere St, Cloverdale
12.6km
Unit 14, 40 Belvidere Street, Belmont
12.6km
331-333 Carrington Street, Hilton
12.7km
Shop 1, Hamilton Hill
12.8km
42-58 Benara Rd, Noranda
12.8km
58 Benara Road, Noranda
12.8km
377A Belgravia St, Cloverdale
12.9km
1317 Albany Highway, Cannington
12.9km
Shop 72, 675 Beach Road, Warwick
13.1km
193 Sevenoaks St, Cannington
13.2km
643 Beach Rd Shop 7, Warwick
13.2km
81 Ranford Road, Canning Vale
13.3km
Shop 24 219 Hampton Rd, South Fremantle
13.3km
101-103 Pilbara St, Welshpool
13.3km
SHOP 16 78 Coolbellup Ave, Coolbellup
13.3km
19A/6 Davallia Rd, Duncraig
13.3km
12 Cecil Ave, Cannington
13.4km
1382 Albany Highway, Cannington
13.6km
1363 Albany Highway, Cannington
13.6km
Unit 8B/64 Kewdale Rd, Welshpool
13.7km
1348-1386 Albany Hwy, Cannington
13.7km
71 Kent Way, Malaga
13.9km
184 Hope Road, Bibra Lake
13.9km
334 Treasure Rd, Welshpool
14.0km
379 Boud Ave, Perth Airport
14.0km
27 Kent Way, Malaga
14.0km
24 Kent Way, Malaga
14.0km
1892 Beach Rd, Malaga
14.1km
U7 1904 Beach Rd, Malaga
14.1km
19 Sheppard Way, Marmion
14.2km
Tenancy 1, 1915 Beach Road, Malaga
14.2km
23 Exhibition Drive, Malaga
14.2km
Lynwood Drv, Lynwood
14.2km
64 Marangaroo Drive, Girrawheen
14.3km
37 Mulgul Rd, Malaga
14.3km
170 Bannister Road, Canning Vale
14.4km
Shop 3a, Girrawheen
14.4km
Shop 10a 59 Arnisdale Road, Duncraig
14.5km
Shop 5, Greeenwood
14.6km
Unit 3 85 Walter Road E, Bassendean
14.9km
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
15.0km
21-23 Port Pirie St, Bibra Lake Dc
15.0km
Unit 23/244 Beringarra Avenue, Malaga
15.0km
50 Marri Rd, Duncraig
15.1km
254 Rockingham Rd, Spearwood
15.2km
Shop 12 Lot 2 West Road, Bassendean
15.3km
Tenancy 4, 50 William Street, Cannington
15.3km
56-70 Langford Rd, Langford
15.3km
10 Warrigal Way, Greenwood
15.6km
1 Affleck Rd, Perth Aiport
15.8km
202 William St, Beckenham
15.9km
Shop 20 225 Illawarra Crescent South, Ballajura
16.0km
168-182 Wanneroo Rd, Madeley
16.1km
16 Riversdale St Enviro Dept, Welshpool
16.1km
Shop 14, South Lake
16.2km
Shop 5a 161 Altone Rd, Beechboro
16.5km
2/121 James Street, Guildford
16.9km
24 Stirling St, Guildford
17.1km
Shop 3 100-104 Ranford Rd, Canning Vale
17.1km
100 Kingsley Dve, Kingsley
17.3km
75 Warburton Ave, Padbury
17.4km
Shop 21 Thornlie Square S/C, Thornlie
17.9km
Shop 23, Thornlie
17.9km
Cnr Whitford & Marmion Ave, Hillarys
18.1km
Shop 5 73 Belmont Rd, Kenwick
18.2km
5 Trappers Drive, Woodvale
18.4km
Shop 48 Attfield St, Maddington
18.5km
530 Kalamunda Road Shop16, High Wycombe
18.8km
271 Amherst Rd, Canning Vale
18.9km
20 Stockton Boulevard, Cockburn Central
18.9km
Unit 20, 87 Armadale Road, Jandakot
18.9km
Lot 182 Beeliar Dve, Success
18.9km
Unit 1, 87 Armadale Road, Cockburn
19.0km
Shop 18m, Forrestfield
19.0km
11 Salix Way, Forestfield
19.1km
816 Beeliar Drive, Success
19.2km
470 Whitfords Ave, Hillarys
19.3km
5 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
19.4km
1/11 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
19.4km
Unit 2/95 Kelvin Road, Maddington
19.6km
431 Kalamunda Rd, High Wycombe
19.6km
307 Great Eastern Hwy, Midland
19.9km
153 Trappers Drv, Woodvale
20.2km
Shop 13, Craigie
20.3km
15 Perilya Road, Craigie
20.3km
Cnr Clayton and Lloyd Street, Midland
20.4km
Unit 1, Midland Central, Midland
20.6km
Cnr Lloyd & Clayton St, Midland
20.6km
58 The Crescent, Midland
20.7km
98 Morrison Road, Midland
20.8km
Shop 5 9 Gunter Grv, Beldon
21.3km
2244 Albany Highway, Gosnells
21.9km
4 The Gateway, Joondalup
22.5km
366 Eddystone Ave, Edgewater
22.7km
3/61 Farrall Road, Midvale
22.7km
7 Honeybush Drv, Joondalup
22.8km
15-17 Sundew Rise, Joondalup
23.0km
99 Caridean St, Heathridge
23.0km
243 Lesmurdie Rd, Lesmurdie
23.4km
Shop 16 950 Wanneroo Road, Wanneroo
23.4km
14 Barber Street, Kalamunda
23.5km
Shop 5, Wanneroo
23.9km
1048 Rockingham Rd, Wattleup
24.0km
Shop 6a 40-42 Marlboro Rd, Swan View
24.0km
36 Clarke Crescent, Joondalup
24.1km
102 Boas Avenue, Joondalup
24.6km
Shop 7 68 Constellation Dr, Ocean Reef
24.6km
Shop T140, Joondalup
24.7km
420 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup
24.8km
1/9 Highpoint Blvd, Ellenbrook
24.8km
11 Main St, Ellenbrook
24.8km
Shop 2 777 Great Northern Hwy, Herne Hill
25.0km
165 Postans Road, Hope Valley
25.0km
124 Winton Rd Unit 5, Joondalup
25.1km
15 Dwyer Turn, Joondalup
25.1km
4/124 Winton Road, Joondalup
25.1km
Shop 23 2784 Albany Highway, Kelmscott
25.6km
1 Somerville Drive, Rottnest Island
25.7km
2/13 Page Road, Kelmscott
25.8km
98 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
25.9km
82 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
26.1km
155 Lawnbrook Road, Walliston
26.3km
26 Brant Rd, Kelmscott
26.4km
50 Mcglew Rd, Glen Forrest
28.1km
7 Railway Pde Shop 1, Glen Forrest
28.3km
Shop 1 206 Jull Street, Armadale
28.7km
Jull Street SHOP MM02, Level 1, Armadale SC, Armadale
28.8km
10 Prospect Road, Armadale
28.9km
50 Fourth Road, Armadale
29.0km
21 Jarrah Rd, Roleystone
29.8km
1700 Marmion Avenue, Tamala Park
29.9km
LOT 2443 Canning Road, Pickering Brook
31.2km
Tenancy 11, Lifestyle Zone, Ocean Keys, Clarkson
31.2km
Shop 41, Kwinana Town Centre
31.3km
36 Ocean Keys Blv, Clarkson
31.4km
36 Ocean Keys Bvd, Clarkson
31.5km
29 Ocean St, Kwinana Beach
31.9km
Shop 1, Clarkson
32.1km
875 South West Hwy, Byford
34.4km
7295 Great Eastern Hwy, Mundaring
34.6km
Tenancy 1, 3-9 Enterprise Way, Rockingham
34.6km
40 Crompton Road, Rockingham
34.9km
50 Kent St, Rockingham
35.4km
5345 Richardson Road, Stoneville
35.4km
4 Kent St, Rockingham
35.7km
9 Mackinnon Street, Rockingham
36.4km
Shop 4, Rockingham
36.6km
1 Council Ave Tenancy 174, Rockingham
36.8km
1 Council Ave, Rockingham
36.9km
2529 Great Northern Hwy, Bullsbrook
38.6km
60 - 64 Penguin Rd, Safety Bay
39.0km
Shop 17, Waikiki
39.4km
28 Paterson St, Mundijong
40.5km
206 Warnbro Sound Ave, Warnbro
42.9km
4405 Thomas St, Chidlow
44.6km
Lot 1 Brand Hwy, Muchea
45.5km
400-402 Saltaire Way, Port Kennedy
45.8km
22 Wellard St, Serpentine
47.5km
674 Jarrahdale Rd, Jarrahdale
48.0km
420 Secret Harbour Bld Shop 6, Secret Harbour
49.7km
21 Hammond Rd. (access from gate off Spencer St), Cockburn Central
Tidy Up offers a collection service through our fleet of 8 cubic metre trucks for all sorts of waste materials to be transported to either a resource recyclers, a licensed disposal site, our Cockburn Central holding yard, or our salvage store. We offer an alternative to hiring bins or trailers for your rubbish removal needs.
Western Australia
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
Same day pickup of commercial e-waste. ISO 18001 Certified ISO 14001 : 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007. Secure certified data deletion, DoD 3 & 7. Highest Industry Standards AS5377:2013. Certificate of Destruction Asset Management. Centrally Monitored Warehouse. 0% of the E-Waste Goes to the Landfill
Western Australia
4 Del Park Road, North Dandalup
We accept -10c Containers (Containers for Change) -Nespresso Pods -Mobile Phone & Accessories (Mobile Muster) -Printer Cartridges -Batteries (Car & Home) -Light Bulbs -HDPE (Milk Bottles & Other #2 Items)
Western Australia
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling scheme that has been operating for more than 20 years. There are more than 1,500 public drop-off locations around the country. So far, more than 57 million cartridges have been recycled through the scheme.
Empty laser and inkjet cartridges can be recycled at?all Officeworks?stores and participating Australia Post, Cartridge World, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, JB Hi-Fi, Office National and Office Products Depot outlets. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Please note, some boxes may not be visible or on display due to limited store floor space. In these cases, please ask the staff at the counter and hand your cartridges directly to them.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes cartridges used in printers, photocopiers and fax machines . The program accepts inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits.
The Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program is an example of an extended producer responsibility program. The six participating brands , Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera pay for the collection and recycling of their cartridges.
When printer cartridges break apart in landfill, they have the potential to contaminate groundwater and the environment. Recycling your used cartridges instead of putting them in the bin, protects the environment and keeps the materials used to make the cartridges in use.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners, they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are disposed of into landfill these resources are lost. Recycling ensures these materials are used again, which reduces demand for mining new materials and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
All cartridges collected through the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program are sent to our recovery partner in Melbourne, Close the Loop™. The program has a zero waste to landfill guarantee, which means every part of the cartridge is recovered and used again.
At the recycling facility, the cartridges are hand sorted and their brand and type recorded. Many of the laser cartridges are sent back to the original equipment manufacturers for re-manufacturing or recovery programs.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of potentially valuable and/or hazardous raw materials, they require state-of-the-art equipment for safe processing and handling.
Inkjet cartridges, toner bottles and drum units are processed and reduced to smaller particles so they can be separated and sorted. Magnets are used to remove ferrous (iron-based) metals, while eddie currents are used to remove aluminium.
The result is the recovery of 'raw' materials, which can be substituted for 'virgin' or new materials in manufacturing to make new products.
If your workplace, business, community group, university or school uses more than three inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Yes, but they should never be placed in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other items in the bin. They can be recycled through commercial recycling services or through Australia’s free recycling program, Cartridges 4 Planet Ark . The program has thousands of recycling locations across the country, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online .
Yes, printer and toner cartridges can be dropped off for recycling at most Officeworks stores. The cartridges will be recycled through Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
No. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home or work. They can only be recycled through specialised recycling services.
is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program more than 20 years ago. The program has collected and recycled almost 57 million cartridges in that time. The program is free to use because it is supported by participating manufacturers of printer cartridges: Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera. Our Melbourne-based recycling partner, Close the Loop recycles the cartridges and is independently audited on an annual basis for its zero waste to landfill guarantee.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are sent to landfill instead of a recycling facility, these resources are lost. Recycling your used printer and toner cartridges ensures the materials are used again to make new products, which reduces demand to extract new materials from the earth and associated greenhouse gas emissions.