Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is an innovative recycling program that provides Australians with a free and easy way to recycle their used printer cartridges. On this RecyclingNearYou site Australians can find literally thousands drop off of locations around the country to recycle their used printer cartridges and toner bottles. Find out more.
Recycling Printer Cartridges includes:
Ink Cartridges
Toner Cartridges
Inkjet
Laser cartridges
Toner modules
Ink modules
Printing supplies
Supply cartridges
Cartridges
1195 Hay St, West Perth
1.0km
Shop 17, 863 Hay Street, Perth
1.1km
861 Hay St, Perth Cloisters
1.1km
1255 Hay Street, West Perth
1.2km
Level 5, Perth
1.3km
100 St. Georges Tce, Perth
1.3km
760 Hay Street, Perth CBD
1.3km
706 Hay Street, Perth
1.4km
66 St Georges Tce, Perth
1.4km
3-7 Forrest Place, Perth
1.5km
25 Sutherland Street, West Perth
1.6km
Unit 1, 217 Hay Street, Subiaco
1.7km
378 Wellington St Shop 1, Perth
1.7km
160 Hay St, Subiaco
1.7km
103 Millpoint Rd, South Perth
1.8km
45 Francis St, Northbridge
1.8km
1 Cambridge St, West Lederville
1.9km
470 Newcasle St, West Perth
2.0km
172 Rokeby Road, Subiaco
2.2km
125 Stirling St, Perth
2.2km
52-62 Lord St, East Perth
2.3km
298 Vincent St, Leederville
2.5km
249 Hay St, East Perth
2.5km
69 Edward Street, Perth
2.7km
214 Nicholson Rd, Subiaco
2.8km
Shop 5, Shenton Park
3.0km
2 Verdun St, Nedlunds
3.1km
59 Angelo St, South Perth
3.1km
341b Cambridge St, Wembley
3.7km
682a Beaufort St, Mount Lawley
3.9km
Shop 2, Crawley
4.0km
186a Harborne Street, Wembley
4.2km
SHOP 4 25 Preston St,
4.2km
262 Canning Hwy, Como
4.3km
262B Canning Hwy, Como
4.3km
183 Scarborough Beach Rd, Mount Hawthorn
4.3km
92 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands
4.6km
1 Broome St Council Depot, Nedlands
4.8km
60 Lemnos Street, Shenton Park
4.9km
414 Albany Highway, Victoria Park
5.4km
5 Howtree Pl, Floreat
5.4km
277 Great Western Hwy, Burswood
5.5km
8 Ashton Ave, Claremont
5.5km
885 Beaufort St, Inglewood
5.6km
381 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
5.8km
Shop 11 81 Waratah Ave, Dalkeith
5.9km
902 Canning Hwy, Applecross
6.0km
Shop 30, East Victoria Park
6.1km
3/108 Wanneroo Road, Yokine
6.4km
2 Bay View Tce, Claremont
6.5km
29 Strickland St, Mount Claremont
6.6km
118 Kooyong Rd, Riverdale
6.6km
62b Walter Rd, Bedford
6.7km
15 Welwyn Ave, Manning
6.7km
180b Grand Prom, Bedford
6.8km
425 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
6.9km
469-475 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
6.9km
2 O'Malley St Unit 7, Osborne Park
6.9km
18 Archer Street, Carlisle
6.9km
212 Main St, Osborne Park
7.0km
773 Canning Hwy, Applecross
7.0km
230 Manning Rd, Karawara
7.0km
501 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
7.1km
8 Collingwood St, Osborne Park
7.2km
10 Sundercombe Street, Osborne Park
7.3km
203 Flinders St, Yokine
7.3km
Shop 2, 53 Belmont Avenue, Belmont
7.3km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
7.3km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
7.3km
Tenancy 2/1377-1381 Albany Hwy, Cannington
7.3km
82-86 Rosewood Ave, Woodlands
7.5km
366 Grand Promenade, Dianella
7.5km
111 Claremont Crescent, Swanbourne
7.5km
388 Scarborough Beach Rd, Innaloo
7.7km
98 Oats St, Carlisle
7.7km
Ellen Stirling Boulevard, Innaloo
7.7km
225 Great Eastern Highway, Belmont
7.7km
85 Whatley Cr, Bayswater
7.8km
9 Hill View Pl, Bentley
7.9km
125 King William St, Bayswater
8.1km
31 Gayton Rd, City Beach
8.1km
225 Alexander Rd, Belmont
8.1km
137 Russel St, Morley
8.2km
Shop 9 276 Leach Hwy, Booragoon
8.2km
4 Marchant Way, Morley
8.4km
125 Riseley St, Booragoon
8.4km
Shop 8, Wembley Downs
8.5km
239 Planet St Building 1, Welshpool
8.5km
Cnr Hedley Pl Manning Road, Bentley
8.6km
227 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
8.6km
Shop 52 4 Collier Rd, Morley
8.6km
2/86 Hillsborough Dve, Nollamara
8.6km
277 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
8.7km
1 Leake St, Peppermint Grove
8.7km
Shop 44a, 1140 Albany Highway, Bentley
8.8km
6/15 Tribute St, Shelley
8.9km
543 Stirling Highway, Cottesloe
8.9km
Shop 1, Cottesloe
8.9km
377A Belvidere St, Cloverdale
9.1km
Unit 14, 40 Belvidere Street, Belmont
9.1km
Unit 2, Kewdale
9.2km
64 Cranford Ave, Brentwood
9.2km
1/500 Marmion St, Booragoon
9.2km
390 Canning Hwy, Melville
9.2km
55 Central Rd, Rossmoyne
9.2km
Shop 7 201 Amelia St, Balcatta
9.5km
377A Belgravia St, Cloverdale
9.5km
116 Wellington St, Mosman Park
9.6km
50 Harvey St, Mosman Park
9.6km
2/161 High Rd, Willetton
9.7km
16E Calais Rd, Scarborough
9.7km
168 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
9.8km
Shop 2 380 Canning Highway, Bicton
9.8km
276 Leach Hwy Shop 9, Booragoon
9.8km
11 -13 Gympie Way, Willetton
9.8km
Shop 90 43 Yirrigan Drive, Mirrabooka
9.9km
42 McCoy Street, Myaree
9.9km
276 Leach Hwy, Myaree
10.0km
Corner Kent Street & Queens Park Road, Wilson
10.1km
101-103 Pilbara St, Welshpool
10.2km
1317 Albany Highway, Cannington
10.4km
193 Sevenoaks St, Cannington
10.4km
42-58 Benara Rd, Noranda
10.5km
58 Benara Road, Noranda
10.5km
Unit 8B/64 Kewdale Rd, Welshpool
10.5km
379 Boud Ave, Perth Airport
10.5km
81 Ranford Road, Canning Vale
10.7km
Shop 35 2-14 Willeri Dr, Parkwood
10.7km
200-330 Karrinyup Rd, Karrinyup
10.7km
23-27 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
10.7km
478 Wanneroo Rd, Westminster
10.8km
334 Treasure Rd, Welshpool
10.8km
12 Cecil Ave, Cannington
10.8km
265-277 Canning Hwy, Palmyra
10.9km
1382 Albany Highway, Cannington
11.0km
7/220 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
11.0km
1363 Albany Highway, Cannington
11.0km
Shop MJ0220, Karrinyup
11.0km
Shop 6A, Bull Creek
11.1km
80 Archibald St, Willagee
11.1km
1348-1386 Albany Hwy, Cannington
11.1km
109-141 Somerville Bvd Shop 8, Winthrop
11.2km
6a Webber St, Willagee
11.2km
39 Burrendah Blvd, Willetton
11.3km
Unit 3, 188 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
11.3km
3/188 Balcatta Road, Balcatta
11.3km
Shop 8, Winthrop
11.3km
2/103 Erindale Rd, Balcatta
11.3km
12 Macadam Place, BALCATTA
11.4km
8 Absolon St Palmyra Delivery Centre, Palmyra
11.5km
45 Burrenbah Bvd, Willenton
11.6km
Unit 3 85 Walter Road E, Bassendean
11.8km
133 Garling Street, O'Connor
11.8km
Shop 12 46-50 Benningfield Rd, Bull Creek
11.8km
Lynwood Drv, Lynwood
12.0km
322 Stock Road, O'connor
12.1km
Shop 12 Lot 2 West Road, Bassendean
12.1km
71 Kent Way, Malaga
12.1km
2 Stockdale Road, O'Connor
12.1km
37 Mulgul Rd, Malaga
12.2km
211 Queen Victoria St, North Fremantle
12.2km
U7 1904 Beach Rd, Malaga
12.3km
1892 Beach Rd, Malaga
12.3km
27 Kent Way, Malaga
12.3km
24 Kent Way, Malaga
12.3km
Tenancy 1, 1915 Beach Road, Malaga
12.3km
1 Affleck Rd, Perth Aiport
12.4km
23 Exhibition Drive, Malaga
12.4km
1-15 South Street, Kardinya
12.5km
382 South Street, OConnor
12.5km
Unit 23/244 Beringarra Avenue, Malaga
12.6km
Tenancy 4, 50 William Street, Cannington
12.7km
170 Bannister Road, Canning Vale
12.8km
92 Queen Victoria Street, Fremantle
13.0km
Shop 72, 675 Beach Road, Warwick
13.0km
202 William St, Beckenham
13.0km
16 Riversdale St Enviro Dept, Welshpool
13.1km
56-70 Langford Rd, Langford
13.1km
shop 2 290 South st, Hilton
13.1km
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
13.1km
279 South St, Hilton
13.1km
643 Beach Rd Shop 7, Warwick
13.1km
19A Montreal Street, Fremantle
13.2km
2/121 James Street, Guildford
13.6km
Shop 5a 161 Altone Rd, Beechboro
13.7km
64 Marangaroo Drive, Girrawheen
13.7km
5/142 High St, Fremantle
13.8km
24 Stirling St, Guildford
13.8km
19A/6 Davallia Rd, Duncraig
13.8km
Shop 3a, Girrawheen
13.9km
Shop 11a, North Beach
13.9km
13 Market Street, Fremantle
14.1km
Shop 20 225 Illawarra Crescent South, Ballajura
14.1km
SHOP 16 78 Coolbellup Ave, Coolbellup
14.2km
184 Hope Road, Bibra Lake
14.3km
Shop 1, Hamilton Hill
14.3km
331-333 Carrington Street, Hilton
14.3km
Shop 5, Greeenwood
14.7km
Shop 10a 59 Arnisdale Road, Duncraig
15.0km
Shop 24 219 Hampton Rd, South Fremantle
15.2km
19 Sheppard Way, Marmion
15.3km
530 Kalamunda Road Shop16, High Wycombe
15.4km
Shop 5 73 Belmont Rd, Kenwick
15.5km
Shop 21 Thornlie Square S/C, Thornlie
15.6km
Shop 23, Thornlie
15.6km
168-182 Wanneroo Rd, Madeley
15.6km
Shop 3 100-104 Ranford Rd, Canning Vale
15.8km
Shop 18m, Forrestfield
15.8km
11 Salix Way, Forestfield
15.8km
10 Warrigal Way, Greenwood
15.8km
50 Marri Rd, Duncraig
15.8km
Shop 48 Attfield St, Maddington
16.0km
21-23 Port Pirie St, Bibra Lake Dc
16.1km
431 Kalamunda Rd, High Wycombe
16.2km
254 Rockingham Rd, Spearwood
16.5km
307 Great Eastern Hwy, Midland
16.7km
Shop 14, South Lake
16.7km
Unit 2/95 Kelvin Road, Maddington
16.8km
Cnr Clayton and Lloyd Street, Midland
17.1km
271 Amherst Rd, Canning Vale
17.2km
Unit 1, Midland Central, Midland
17.3km
Cnr Lloyd & Clayton St, Midland
17.3km
58 The Crescent, Midland
17.5km
98 Morrison Road, Midland
17.5km
100 Kingsley Dve, Kingsley
17.5km
75 Warburton Ave, Padbury
18.0km
5 Trappers Drive, Woodvale
18.5km
Unit 20, 87 Armadale Road, Jandakot
18.6km
Unit 1, 87 Armadale Road, Cockburn
18.7km
20 Stockton Boulevard, Cockburn Central
18.8km
Cnr Whitford & Marmion Ave, Hillarys
18.9km
Lot 182 Beeliar Dve, Success
19.0km
1/11 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
19.1km
5 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
19.1km
816 Beeliar Drive, Success
19.2km
3/61 Farrall Road, Midvale
19.4km
2244 Albany Highway, Gosnells
19.5km
470 Whitfords Ave, Hillarys
20.1km
243 Lesmurdie Rd, Lesmurdie
20.2km
14 Barber Street, Kalamunda
20.2km
153 Trappers Drv, Woodvale
20.3km
Shop 6a 40-42 Marlboro Rd, Swan View
20.7km
Shop 13, Craigie
20.7km
15 Perilya Road, Craigie
20.7km
Shop 5 9 Gunter Grv, Beldon
21.9km
Shop 2 777 Great Northern Hwy, Herne Hill
22.1km
1/9 Highpoint Blvd, Ellenbrook
22.4km
11 Main St, Ellenbrook
22.4km
4 The Gateway, Joondalup
22.8km
366 Eddystone Ave, Edgewater
22.9km
7 Honeybush Drv, Joondalup
23.1km
155 Lawnbrook Road, Walliston
23.1km
Shop 16 950 Wanneroo Road, Wanneroo
23.2km
15-17 Sundew Rise, Joondalup
23.3km
99 Caridean St, Heathridge
23.5km
Shop 23 2784 Albany Highway, Kelmscott
23.5km
2/13 Page Road, Kelmscott
23.7km
Shop 5, Wanneroo
23.7km
98 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
24.0km
82 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
24.2km
36 Clarke Crescent, Joondalup
24.4km
26 Brant Rd, Kelmscott
24.5km
50 Mcglew Rd, Glen Forrest
24.7km
102 Boas Avenue, Joondalup
24.8km
7 Railway Pde Shop 1, Glen Forrest
24.8km
1048 Rockingham Rd, Wattleup
24.9km
Shop T140, Joondalup
25.0km
420 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup
25.1km
Shop 7 68 Constellation Dr, Ocean Reef
25.4km
15 Dwyer Turn, Joondalup
25.4km
124 Winton Rd Unit 5, Joondalup
25.5km
4/124 Winton Road, Joondalup
25.5km
165 Postans Road, Hope Valley
25.7km
Shop 1 206 Jull Street, Armadale
26.9km
Jull Street SHOP MM02, Level 1, Armadale SC, Armadale
27.0km
10 Prospect Road, Armadale
27.1km
50 Fourth Road, Armadale
27.2km
21 Jarrah Rd, Roleystone
27.3km
LOT 2443 Canning Road, Pickering Brook
28.4km
1 Somerville Drive, Rottnest Island
29.1km
1700 Marmion Avenue, Tamala Park
30.5km
7295 Great Eastern Hwy, Mundaring
31.1km
Tenancy 11, Lifestyle Zone, Ocean Keys, Clarkson
31.9km
Shop 41, Kwinana Town Centre
31.9km
5345 Richardson Road, Stoneville
32.0km
36 Ocean Keys Blv, Clarkson
32.1km
36 Ocean Keys Bvd, Clarkson
32.1km
Shop 1, Clarkson
32.6km
29 Ocean St, Kwinana Beach
32.8km
875 South West Hwy, Byford
33.1km
Tenancy 1, 3-9 Enterprise Way, Rockingham
35.8km
40 Crompton Road, Rockingham
35.9km
2529 Great Northern Hwy, Bullsbrook
36.4km
50 Kent St, Rockingham
36.7km
4 Kent St, Rockingham
37.0km
9 Mackinnon Street, Rockingham
37.5km
Shop 4, Rockingham
37.8km
1 Council Ave Tenancy 174, Rockingham
37.9km
1 Council Ave, Rockingham
38.0km
28 Paterson St, Mundijong
39.7km
60 - 64 Penguin Rd, Safety Bay
40.4km
Shop 17, Waikiki
40.5km
4405 Thomas St, Chidlow
41.2km
206 Warnbro Sound Ave, Warnbro
43.8km
Lot 1 Brand Hwy, Muchea
43.9km
400-402 Saltaire Way, Port Kennedy
46.8km
674 Jarrahdale Rd, Jarrahdale
46.8km
22 Wellard St, Serpentine
46.9km
155 Orchard Rd, Wooroloo
47.7km
21 Hammond Rd. (access from gate off Spencer St), Cockburn Central
Tidy Up offers a collection service through our fleet of 8 cubic metre trucks for all sorts of waste materials to be transported to either a resource recyclers, a licensed disposal site, our Cockburn Central holding yard, or our salvage store. We offer an alternative to hiring bins or trailers for your rubbish removal needs.
Western Australia
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
Same day pickup of commercial e-waste. ISO 18001 Certified ISO 14001 : 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007. Secure certified data deletion, DoD 3 & 7. Highest Industry Standards AS5377:2013. Certificate of Destruction Asset Management. Centrally Monitored Warehouse. 0% of the E-Waste Goes to the Landfill
Western Australia
4 Del Park Road, North Dandalup
We accept -10c Containers (Containers for Change) -Nespresso Pods -Mobile Phone & Accessories (Mobile Muster) -Printer Cartridges -Batteries (Car & Home) -Light Bulbs -HDPE (Milk Bottles & Other #2 Items)
Western Australia
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling scheme that has been operating for more than 20 years. There are more than 1,500 public drop-off locations around the country. So far, more than 57 million cartridges have been recycled through the scheme.
Empty laser and inkjet cartridges can be recycled at?all Officeworks?stores and participating Australia Post, Cartridge World, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, JB Hi-Fi, Office National and Office Products Depot outlets. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Please note, some boxes may not be visible or on display due to limited store floor space. In these cases, please ask the staff at the counter and hand your cartridges directly to them.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes cartridges used in printers, photocopiers and fax machines . The program accepts inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits.
The Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program is an example of an extended producer responsibility program. The six participating brands , Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera pay for the collection and recycling of their cartridges.
When printer cartridges break apart in landfill, they have the potential to contaminate groundwater and the environment. Recycling your used cartridges instead of putting them in the bin, protects the environment and keeps the materials used to make the cartridges in use.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners, they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are disposed of into landfill these resources are lost. Recycling ensures these materials are used again, which reduces demand for mining new materials and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
All cartridges collected through the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program are sent to our recovery partner in Melbourne, Close the Loop™. The program has a zero waste to landfill guarantee, which means every part of the cartridge is recovered and used again.
At the recycling facility, the cartridges are hand sorted and their brand and type recorded. Many of the laser cartridges are sent back to the original equipment manufacturers for re-manufacturing or recovery programs.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of potentially valuable and/or hazardous raw materials, they require state-of-the-art equipment for safe processing and handling.
Inkjet cartridges, toner bottles and drum units are processed and reduced to smaller particles so they can be separated and sorted. Magnets are used to remove ferrous (iron-based) metals, while eddie currents are used to remove aluminium.
The result is the recovery of 'raw' materials, which can be substituted for 'virgin' or new materials in manufacturing to make new products.
If your workplace, business, community group, university or school uses more than three inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Yes, but they should never be placed in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other items in the bin. They can be recycled through commercial recycling services or through Australia’s free recycling program, Cartridges 4 Planet Ark . The program has thousands of recycling locations across the country, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online .
Yes, printer and toner cartridges can be dropped off for recycling at most Officeworks stores. The cartridges will be recycled through Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
No. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home or work. They can only be recycled through specialised recycling services.
is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program more than 20 years ago. The program has collected and recycled almost 57 million cartridges in that time. The program is free to use because it is supported by participating manufacturers of printer cartridges: Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera. Our Melbourne-based recycling partner, Close the Loop recycles the cartridges and is independently audited on an annual basis for its zero waste to landfill guarantee.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are sent to landfill instead of a recycling facility, these resources are lost. Recycling your used printer and toner cartridges ensures the materials are used again to make new products, which reduces demand to extract new materials from the earth and associated greenhouse gas emissions.