Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is an innovative recycling program that provides Australians with a free and easy way to recycle their used printer cartridges. On this RecyclingNearYou site Australians can find literally thousands drop off of locations around the country to recycle their used printer cartridges and toner bottles. Find out more.
Recycling Printer Cartridges includes:
Ink Cartridges
Toner Cartridges
Inkjet
Laser cartridges
Toner modules
Ink modules
Printing supplies
Supply cartridges
Cartridges
111 Claremont Crescent, Swanbourne
0.3km
2 Bay View Tce, Claremont
1.4km
1 Leake St, Peppermint Grove
1.6km
Shop 1, Cottesloe
1.6km
543 Stirling Highway, Cottesloe
1.6km
29 Strickland St, Mount Claremont
2.1km
8 Ashton Ave, Claremont
2.4km
50 Harvey St, Mosman Park
2.8km
1 Broome St Council Depot, Nedlands
3.1km
Shop 11 81 Waratah Ave, Dalkeith
3.2km
92 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands
3.4km
116 Wellington St, Mosman Park
3.5km
60 Lemnos Street, Shenton Park
3.8km
Shop 2, Crawley
4.5km
2 Verdun St, Nedlunds
4.8km
Shop 5, Shenton Park
5.0km
214 Nicholson Rd, Subiaco
5.5km
5 Howtree Pl, Floreat
5.7km
211 Queen Victoria St, North Fremantle
6.0km
Shop 2 380 Canning Highway, Bicton
6.0km
265-277 Canning Hwy, Palmyra
6.2km
390 Canning Hwy, Melville
6.2km
341b Cambridge St, Wembley
6.3km
31 Gayton Rd, City Beach
6.4km
172 Rokeby Road, Subiaco
6.6km
92 Queen Victoria Street, Fremantle
6.9km
Unit 1, 217 Hay Street, Subiaco
7.4km
160 Hay St, Subiaco
7.4km
773 Canning Hwy, Applecross
7.5km
19A Montreal Street, Fremantle
7.7km
6a Webber St, Willagee
7.8km
8 Absolon St Palmyra Delivery Centre, Palmyra
7.8km
5/142 High St, Fremantle
7.9km
42 McCoy Street, Myaree
7.9km
13 Market Street, Fremantle
8.0km
1255 Hay Street, West Perth
8.0km
103 Millpoint Rd, South Perth
8.1km
186a Harborne Street, Wembley
8.1km
1195 Hay St, West Perth
8.1km
1/500 Marmion St, Booragoon
8.2km
Shop 8, Wembley Downs
8.2km
902 Canning Hwy, Applecross
8.4km
80 Archibald St, Willagee
8.5km
133 Garling Street, O'Connor
8.5km
1 Cambridge St, West Lederville
8.6km
2 Stockdale Road, O'Connor
8.6km
Shop 9 276 Leach Hwy, Booragoon
8.6km
25 Sutherland Street, West Perth
8.6km
322 Stock Road, O'connor
8.6km
276 Leach Hwy, Myaree
8.7km
82-86 Rosewood Ave, Woodlands
8.7km
276 Leach Hwy Shop 9, Booragoon
8.7km
125 Riseley St, Booragoon
8.7km
298 Vincent St, Leederville
8.7km
SHOP 4 25 Preston St,
8.8km
shop 2 290 South st, Hilton
8.9km
861 Hay St, Perth Cloisters
8.9km
Shop 17, 863 Hay Street, Perth
8.9km
279 South St, Hilton
8.9km
59 Angelo St, South Perth
9.1km
Level 5, Perth
9.1km
760 Hay Street, Perth CBD
9.1km
100 St. Georges Tce, Perth
9.1km
381 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
9.2km
470 Newcasle St, West Perth
9.3km
706 Hay Street, Perth
9.3km
66 St Georges Tce, Perth
9.3km
3-7 Forrest Place, Perth
9.3km
16E Calais Rd, Scarborough
9.4km
382 South Street, OConnor
9.4km
469-475 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
9.5km
501 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
9.5km
378 Wellington St Shop 1, Perth
9.5km
45 Francis St, Northbridge
9.6km
425 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
9.6km
183 Scarborough Beach Rd, Mount Hawthorn
9.6km
2 O'Malley St Unit 7, Osborne Park
9.7km
388 Scarborough Beach Rd, Innaloo
9.7km
262 Canning Hwy, Como
9.8km
262B Canning Hwy, Como
9.8km
23-27 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
10.0km
125 Stirling St, Perth
10.0km
64 Cranford Ave, Brentwood
10.0km
168 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
10.1km
Ellen Stirling Boulevard, Innaloo
10.1km
10 Sundercombe Street, Osborne Park
10.1km
Shop 24 219 Hampton Rd, South Fremantle
10.1km
331-333 Carrington Street, Hilton
10.2km
52-62 Lord St, East Perth
10.2km
15 Welwyn Ave, Manning
10.2km
8 Collingwood St, Osborne Park
10.2km
249 Hay St, East Perth
10.2km
Shop 1, Hamilton Hill
10.3km
109-141 Somerville Bvd Shop 8, Winthrop
10.3km
Shop 8, Winthrop
10.4km
1-15 South Street, Kardinya
10.4km
69 Edward Street, Perth
10.5km
212 Main St, Osborne Park
11.2km
55 Central Rd, Rossmoyne
11.3km
682a Beaufort St, Mount Lawley
11.5km
SHOP 16 78 Coolbellup Ave, Coolbellup
11.6km
230 Manning Rd, Karawara
11.6km
3/108 Wanneroo Road, Yokine
11.7km
200-330 Karrinyup Rd, Karrinyup
11.8km
Shop MJ0220, Karrinyup
12.0km
Shop 6A, Bull Creek
12.2km
6/15 Tribute St, Shelley
12.3km
Shop 12 46-50 Benningfield Rd, Bull Creek
12.3km
414 Albany Highway, Victoria Park
12.4km
11 -13 Gympie Way, Willetton
12.5km
2/161 High Rd, Willetton
12.6km
Shop 30, East Victoria Park
12.7km
203 Flinders St, Yokine
12.7km
254 Rockingham Rd, Spearwood
12.7km
184 Hope Road, Bibra Lake
12.9km
21-23 Port Pirie St, Bibra Lake Dc
13.0km
277 Great Western Hwy, Burswood
13.1km
885 Beaufort St, Inglewood
13.1km
9 Hill View Pl, Bentley
13.2km
39 Burrendah Blvd, Willetton
13.2km
2/86 Hillsborough Dve, Nollamara
13.4km
45 Burrenbah Bvd, Willenton
13.5km
Shop 7 201 Amelia St, Balcatta
13.6km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
13.7km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
13.7km
Tenancy 2/1377-1381 Albany Hwy, Cannington
13.7km
Shop 11a, North Beach
13.7km
62b Walter Rd, Bedford
13.8km
Cnr Hedley Pl Manning Road, Bentley
13.8km
366 Grand Promenade, Dianella
14.0km
18 Archer Street, Carlisle
14.0km
180b Grand Prom, Bedford
14.0km
118 Kooyong Rd, Riverdale
14.1km
2/103 Erindale Rd, Balcatta
14.3km
Unit 3, 188 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
14.3km
7/220 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
14.3km
3/188 Balcatta Road, Balcatta
14.3km
Shop 35 2-14 Willeri Dr, Parkwood
14.4km
98 Oats St, Carlisle
14.5km
12 Macadam Place, BALCATTA
14.6km
478 Wanneroo Rd, Westminster
14.7km
Shop 44a, 1140 Albany Highway, Bentley
14.8km
Shop 14, South Lake
15.0km
Shop 2, 53 Belmont Avenue, Belmont
15.0km
239 Planet St Building 1, Welshpool
15.2km
Corner Kent Street & Queens Park Road, Wilson
15.2km
Shop 90 43 Yirrigan Drive, Mirrabooka
15.4km
137 Russel St, Morley
15.5km
225 Great Eastern Highway, Belmont
15.5km
85 Whatley Cr, Bayswater
15.6km
19A/6 Davallia Rd, Duncraig
15.6km
19 Sheppard Way, Marmion
15.6km
225 Alexander Rd, Belmont
15.7km
4 Marchant Way, Morley
15.7km
1317 Albany Highway, Cannington
15.8km
Shop 52 4 Collier Rd, Morley
15.8km
125 King William St, Bayswater
15.9km
170 Bannister Road, Canning Vale
15.9km
227 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
16.0km
Unit 2, Kewdale
16.0km
277 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
16.1km
Shop 72, 675 Beach Road, Warwick
16.1km
643 Beach Rd Shop 7, Warwick
16.1km
81 Ranford Road, Canning Vale
16.2km
193 Sevenoaks St, Cannington
16.3km
12 Cecil Ave, Cannington
16.4km
1382 Albany Highway, Cannington
16.4km
1363 Albany Highway, Cannington
16.5km
Lynwood Drv, Lynwood
16.5km
1348-1386 Albany Hwy, Cannington
16.6km
Shop 10a 59 Arnisdale Road, Duncraig
16.7km
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
16.8km
377A Belvidere St, Cloverdale
16.9km
Unit 14, 40 Belvidere Street, Belmont
16.9km
101-103 Pilbara St, Welshpool
16.9km
50 Marri Rd, Duncraig
17.0km
377A Belgravia St, Cloverdale
17.0km
42-58 Benara Rd, Noranda
17.2km
58 Benara Road, Noranda
17.2km
Shop 5, Greeenwood
17.3km
Unit 8B/64 Kewdale Rd, Welshpool
17.4km
64 Marangaroo Drive, Girrawheen
17.5km
334 Treasure Rd, Welshpool
17.6km
Shop 3a, Girrawheen
17.7km
56-70 Langford Rd, Langford
17.7km
71 Kent Way, Malaga
18.0km
Lot 182 Beeliar Dve, Success
18.0km
10 Warrigal Way, Greenwood
18.0km
20 Stockton Boulevard, Cockburn Central
18.1km
27 Kent Way, Malaga
18.1km
24 Kent Way, Malaga
18.1km
Shop 3 100-104 Ranford Rd, Canning Vale
18.2km
1892 Beach Rd, Malaga
18.2km
Tenancy 4, 50 William Street, Cannington
18.2km
U7 1904 Beach Rd, Malaga
18.2km
23 Exhibition Drive, Malaga
18.3km
379 Boud Ave, Perth Airport
18.3km
Tenancy 1, 1915 Beach Road, Malaga
18.3km
Unit 20, 87 Armadale Road, Jandakot
18.4km
816 Beeliar Drive, Success
18.4km
Unit 1, 87 Armadale Road, Cockburn
18.5km
37 Mulgul Rd, Malaga
18.6km
202 William St, Beckenham
19.1km
168-182 Wanneroo Rd, Madeley
19.1km
75 Warburton Ave, Padbury
19.2km
Unit 23/244 Beringarra Avenue, Malaga
19.4km
Unit 3 85 Walter Road E, Bassendean
19.4km
16 Riversdale St Enviro Dept, Welshpool
19.6km
100 Kingsley Dve, Kingsley
19.7km
Cnr Whitford & Marmion Ave, Hillarys
19.8km
Shop 12 Lot 2 West Road, Bassendean
19.8km
1 Affleck Rd, Perth Aiport
20.0km
Shop 21 Thornlie Square S/C, Thornlie
20.2km
Shop 20 225 Illawarra Crescent South, Ballajura
20.2km
Shop 23, Thornlie
20.2km
271 Amherst Rd, Canning Vale
20.2km
5 Trappers Drive, Woodvale
20.9km
470 Whitfords Ave, Hillarys
20.9km
Shop 48 Attfield St, Maddington
21.0km
Shop 5 73 Belmont Rd, Kenwick
21.1km
Shop 5a 161 Altone Rd, Beechboro
21.1km
2/121 James Street, Guildford
21.4km
1 Somerville Drive, Rottnest Island
21.5km
24 Stirling St, Guildford
21.6km
1048 Rockingham Rd, Wattleup
21.7km
5 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
22.2km
1/11 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
22.2km
Shop 13, Craigie
22.2km
15 Perilya Road, Craigie
22.2km
Unit 2/95 Kelvin Road, Maddington
22.4km
153 Trappers Drv, Woodvale
22.5km
Shop 18m, Forrestfield
22.8km
11 Salix Way, Forestfield
22.8km
165 Postans Road, Hope Valley
23.0km
Shop 5 9 Gunter Grv, Beldon
23.1km
530 Kalamunda Road Shop16, High Wycombe
23.1km
431 Kalamunda Rd, High Wycombe
23.8km
2244 Albany Highway, Gosnells
24.3km
307 Great Eastern Hwy, Midland
24.5km
4 The Gateway, Joondalup
24.6km
366 Eddystone Ave, Edgewater
24.7km
7 Honeybush Drv, Joondalup
24.8km
99 Caridean St, Heathridge
25.0km
Cnr Clayton and Lloyd Street, Midland
25.0km
15-17 Sundew Rise, Joondalup
25.0km
Unit 1, Midland Central, Midland
25.1km
Cnr Lloyd & Clayton St, Midland
25.1km
58 The Crescent, Midland
25.3km
98 Morrison Road, Midland
25.3km
Shop 16 950 Wanneroo Road, Wanneroo
26.0km
36 Clarke Crescent, Joondalup
26.1km
Shop 7 68 Constellation Dr, Ocean Reef
26.1km
Shop 5, Wanneroo
26.4km
102 Boas Avenue, Joondalup
26.7km
Shop T140, Joondalup
26.7km
420 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup
26.8km
243 Lesmurdie Rd, Lesmurdie
27.0km
124 Winton Rd Unit 5, Joondalup
27.0km
4/124 Winton Road, Joondalup
27.0km
15 Dwyer Turn, Joondalup
27.1km
3/61 Farrall Road, Midvale
27.3km
98 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
27.3km
Shop 23 2784 Albany Highway, Kelmscott
27.4km
14 Barber Street, Kalamunda
27.5km
82 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
27.5km
2/13 Page Road, Kelmscott
27.6km
26 Brant Rd, Kelmscott
27.9km
Shop 6a 40-42 Marlboro Rd, Swan View
28.5km
1/9 Highpoint Blvd, Ellenbrook
29.1km
11 Main St, Ellenbrook
29.1km
Shop 41, Kwinana Town Centre
29.3km
29 Ocean St, Kwinana Beach
29.4km
Shop 2 777 Great Northern Hwy, Herne Hill
29.5km
Shop 1 206 Jull Street, Armadale
29.9km
155 Lawnbrook Road, Walliston
29.9km
Jull Street SHOP MM02, Level 1, Armadale SC, Armadale
30.1km
10 Prospect Road, Armadale
30.2km
50 Fourth Road, Armadale
30.2km
1700 Marmion Avenue, Tamala Park
31.5km
Tenancy 1, 3-9 Enterprise Way, Rockingham
31.8km
21 Jarrah Rd, Roleystone
32.0km
40 Crompton Road, Rockingham
32.4km
50 Kent St, Rockingham
32.5km
50 Mcglew Rd, Glen Forrest
32.5km
7 Railway Pde Shop 1, Glen Forrest
32.6km
4 Kent St, Rockingham
32.7km
Tenancy 11, Lifestyle Zone, Ocean Keys, Clarkson
32.8km
36 Ocean Keys Blv, Clarkson
32.9km
36 Ocean Keys Bvd, Clarkson
32.9km
Shop 1, Clarkson
33.7km
9 Mackinnon Street, Rockingham
33.7km
Shop 4, Rockingham
33.8km
LOT 2443 Canning Road, Pickering Brook
34.0km
1 Council Ave Tenancy 174, Rockingham
34.0km
1 Council Ave, Rockingham
34.1km
875 South West Hwy, Byford
34.9km
60 - 64 Penguin Rd, Safety Bay
35.9km
Shop 17, Waikiki
36.7km
7295 Great Eastern Hwy, Mundaring
38.9km
5345 Richardson Road, Stoneville
39.9km
28 Paterson St, Mundijong
40.3km
206 Warnbro Sound Ave, Warnbro
40.3km
2529 Great Northern Hwy, Bullsbrook
42.7km
400-402 Saltaire Way, Port Kennedy
43.3km
22 Wellard St, Serpentine
46.8km
420 Secret Harbour Bld Shop 6, Secret Harbour
47.2km
674 Jarrahdale Rd, Jarrahdale
48.1km
4405 Thomas St, Chidlow
49.0km
Lot 1 Brand Hwy, Muchea
49.2km
21 Hammond Rd. (access from gate off Spencer St), Cockburn Central
Tidy Up offers a collection service through our fleet of 8 cubic metre trucks for all sorts of waste materials to be transported to either a resource recyclers, a licensed disposal site, our Cockburn Central holding yard, or our salvage store. We offer an alternative to hiring bins or trailers for your rubbish removal needs.
Western Australia
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
Same day pickup of commercial e-waste. ISO 18001 Certified ISO 14001 : 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007. Secure certified data deletion, DoD 3 & 7. Highest Industry Standards AS5377:2013. Certificate of Destruction Asset Management. Centrally Monitored Warehouse. 0% of the E-Waste Goes to the Landfill
Western Australia
4 Del Park Road, North Dandalup
We accept -10c Containers (Containers for Change) -Nespresso Pods -Mobile Phone & Accessories (Mobile Muster) -Printer Cartridges -Batteries (Car & Home) -Light Bulbs -HDPE (Milk Bottles & Other #2 Items)
Western Australia
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling scheme that has been operating for more than 20 years. There are more than 1,500 public drop-off locations around the country. So far, more than 57 million cartridges have been recycled through the scheme.
Empty laser and inkjet cartridges can be recycled at?all Officeworks?stores and participating Australia Post, Cartridge World, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, JB Hi-Fi, Office National and Office Products Depot outlets. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Please note, some boxes may not be visible or on display due to limited store floor space. In these cases, please ask the staff at the counter and hand your cartridges directly to them.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes cartridges used in printers, photocopiers and fax machines . The program accepts inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits.
The Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program is an example of an extended producer responsibility program. The six participating brands , Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera pay for the collection and recycling of their cartridges.
When printer cartridges break apart in landfill, they have the potential to contaminate groundwater and the environment. Recycling your used cartridges instead of putting them in the bin, protects the environment and keeps the materials used to make the cartridges in use.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners, they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are disposed of into landfill these resources are lost. Recycling ensures these materials are used again, which reduces demand for mining new materials and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
All cartridges collected through the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program are sent to our recovery partner in Melbourne, Close the Loop™. The program has a zero waste to landfill guarantee, which means every part of the cartridge is recovered and used again.
At the recycling facility, the cartridges are hand sorted and their brand and type recorded. Many of the laser cartridges are sent back to the original equipment manufacturers for re-manufacturing or recovery programs.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of potentially valuable and/or hazardous raw materials, they require state-of-the-art equipment for safe processing and handling.
Inkjet cartridges, toner bottles and drum units are processed and reduced to smaller particles so they can be separated and sorted. Magnets are used to remove ferrous (iron-based) metals, while eddie currents are used to remove aluminium.
The result is the recovery of 'raw' materials, which can be substituted for 'virgin' or new materials in manufacturing to make new products.
If your workplace, business, community group, university or school uses more than three inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Yes, but they should never be placed in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other items in the bin. They can be recycled through commercial recycling services or through Australia’s free recycling program, Cartridges 4 Planet Ark . The program has thousands of recycling locations across the country, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online .
Yes, printer and toner cartridges can be dropped off for recycling at most Officeworks stores. The cartridges will be recycled through Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
No. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home or work. They can only be recycled through specialised recycling services.
is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program more than 20 years ago. The program has collected and recycled almost 57 million cartridges in that time. The program is free to use because it is supported by participating manufacturers of printer cartridges: Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera. Our Melbourne-based recycling partner, Close the Loop recycles the cartridges and is independently audited on an annual basis for its zero waste to landfill guarantee.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are sent to landfill instead of a recycling facility, these resources are lost. Recycling your used printer and toner cartridges ensures the materials are used again to make new products, which reduces demand to extract new materials from the earth and associated greenhouse gas emissions.