Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is an innovative recycling program that provides Australians with a free and easy way to recycle their used printer cartridges. On this RecyclingNearYou site Australians can find literally thousands drop off of locations around the country to recycle their used printer cartridges and toner bottles. Find out more.
Recycling Printer Cartridges includes:
Ink Cartridges
Toner Cartridges
Inkjet
Laser cartridges
Toner modules
Ink modules
Printing supplies
Supply cartridges
Cartridges
29 Strickland St, Mount Claremont
0.6km
8 Ashton Ave, Claremont
1.1km
2 Bay View Tce, Claremont
1.2km
111 Claremont Crescent, Swanbourne
1.3km
1 Broome St Council Depot, Nedlands
2.1km
60 Lemnos Street, Shenton Park
2.2km
92 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands
2.7km
1 Leake St, Peppermint Grove
3.1km
Shop 1, Cottesloe
3.2km
543 Stirling Highway, Cottesloe
3.2km
Shop 11 81 Waratah Ave, Dalkeith
3.3km
2 Verdun St, Nedlunds
3.6km
Shop 5, Shenton Park
3.6km
Shop 2, Crawley
3.9km
214 Nicholson Rd, Subiaco
4.0km
5 Howtree Pl, Floreat
4.1km
50 Harvey St, Mosman Park
4.3km
341b Cambridge St, Wembley
4.7km
116 Wellington St, Mosman Park
4.9km
172 Rokeby Road, Subiaco
5.1km
31 Gayton Rd, City Beach
5.1km
Unit 1, 217 Hay Street, Subiaco
5.9km
160 Hay St, Subiaco
6.0km
186a Harborne Street, Wembley
6.5km
1255 Hay Street, West Perth
6.6km
1195 Hay St, West Perth
6.8km
Shop 8, Wembley Downs
6.8km
Shop 2 380 Canning Highway, Bicton
7.1km
1 Cambridge St, West Lederville
7.1km
103 Millpoint Rd, South Perth
7.1km
390 Canning Hwy, Melville
7.1km
82-86 Rosewood Ave, Woodlands
7.1km
25 Sutherland Street, West Perth
7.2km
298 Vincent St, Leederville
7.2km
265-277 Canning Hwy, Palmyra
7.5km
211 Queen Victoria St, North Fremantle
7.5km
381 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
7.6km
861 Hay St, Perth Cloisters
7.6km
Shop 17, 863 Hay Street, Perth
7.6km
773 Canning Hwy, Applecross
7.7km
470 Newcasle St, West Perth
7.8km
760 Hay Street, Perth CBD
7.9km
Level 5, Perth
7.9km
469-475 Scarborough Beach Road, Osborne Park
7.9km
100 St. Georges Tce, Perth
7.9km
501 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
7.9km
706 Hay Street, Perth
8.0km
66 St Georges Tce, Perth
8.0km
16E Calais Rd, Scarborough
8.0km
425 Scarborough Beach Rd, Osborne Park
8.0km
183 Scarborough Beach Rd, Mount Hawthorn
8.0km
3-7 Forrest Place, Perth
8.1km
2 O'Malley St Unit 7, Osborne Park
8.1km
388 Scarborough Beach Rd, Innaloo
8.2km
SHOP 4 25 Preston St,
8.2km
902 Canning Hwy, Applecross
8.2km
45 Francis St, Northbridge
8.2km
378 Wellington St Shop 1, Perth
8.2km
59 Angelo St, South Perth
8.3km
92 Queen Victoria Street, Fremantle
8.5km
Ellen Stirling Boulevard, Innaloo
8.5km
10 Sundercombe Street, Osborne Park
8.5km
8 Collingwood St, Osborne Park
8.6km
168 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
8.7km
42 McCoy Street, Myaree
8.7km
125 Stirling St, Perth
8.7km
23-27 Scarborough Beach Rd, Scarborough
8.7km
1/500 Marmion St, Booragoon
8.8km
6a Webber St, Willagee
8.9km
52-62 Lord St, East Perth
8.9km
Shop 9 276 Leach Hwy, Booragoon
8.9km
8 Absolon St Palmyra Delivery Centre, Palmyra
9.0km
249 Hay St, East Perth
9.1km
125 Riseley St, Booragoon
9.1km
262 Canning Hwy, Como
9.1km
262B Canning Hwy, Como
9.1km
19A Montreal Street, Fremantle
9.2km
69 Edward Street, Perth
9.2km
276 Leach Hwy Shop 9, Booragoon
9.3km
276 Leach Hwy, Myaree
9.3km
5/142 High St, Fremantle
9.4km
80 Archibald St, Willagee
9.5km
13 Market Street, Fremantle
9.5km
212 Main St, Osborne Park
9.6km
133 Garling Street, O'Connor
9.6km
2 Stockdale Road, O'Connor
9.8km
322 Stock Road, O'connor
9.8km
15 Welwyn Ave, Manning
9.9km
3/108 Wanneroo Road, Yokine
10.1km
682a Beaufort St, Mount Lawley
10.1km
shop 2 290 South st, Hilton
10.2km
279 South St, Hilton
10.2km
64 Cranford Ave, Brentwood
10.4km
200-330 Karrinyup Rd, Karrinyup
10.4km
382 South Street, OConnor
10.5km
Shop MJ0220, Karrinyup
10.6km
109-141 Somerville Bvd Shop 8, Winthrop
11.0km
Shop 8, Winthrop
11.1km
203 Flinders St, Yokine
11.1km
230 Manning Rd, Karawara
11.2km
1-15 South Street, Kardinya
11.3km
55 Central Rd, Rossmoyne
11.5km
414 Albany Highway, Victoria Park
11.5km
331-333 Carrington Street, Hilton
11.5km
Shop 1, Hamilton Hill
11.5km
Shop 24 219 Hampton Rd, South Fremantle
11.6km
885 Beaufort St, Inglewood
11.7km
2/86 Hillsborough Dve, Nollamara
11.8km
Shop 30, East Victoria Park
11.9km
277 Great Western Hwy, Burswood
12.0km
Shop 7 201 Amelia St, Balcatta
12.0km
6/15 Tribute St, Shelley
12.1km
62b Walter Rd, Bedford
12.2km
366 Grand Promenade, Dianella
12.4km
Shop 11a, North Beach
12.5km
180b Grand Prom, Bedford
12.5km
Shop 6A, Bull Creek
12.5km
2/161 High Rd, Willetton
12.6km
11 -13 Gympie Way, Willetton
12.6km
9 Hill View Pl, Bentley
12.7km
2/103 Erindale Rd, Balcatta
12.7km
SHOP 16 78 Coolbellup Ave, Coolbellup
12.7km
7/220 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
12.7km
Unit 3, 188 Balcatta Rd, Balcatta
12.7km
3/188 Balcatta Road, Balcatta
12.8km
Shop 12 46-50 Benningfield Rd, Bull Creek
12.8km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
13.0km
343 Shepperton Rd, East Victoria Park
13.0km
Tenancy 2/1377-1381 Albany Hwy, Cannington
13.0km
12 Macadam Place, BALCATTA
13.0km
118 Kooyong Rd, Riverdale
13.1km
18 Archer Street, Carlisle
13.1km
478 Wanneroo Rd, Westminster
13.1km
Cnr Hedley Pl Manning Road, Bentley
13.3km
39 Burrendah Blvd, Willetton
13.5km
98 Oats St, Carlisle
13.7km
45 Burrenbah Bvd, Willenton
13.7km
Shop 90 43 Yirrigan Drive, Mirrabooka
13.8km
184 Hope Road, Bibra Lake
13.8km
Shop 2, 53 Belmont Avenue, Belmont
13.9km
137 Russel St, Morley
14.0km
254 Rockingham Rd, Spearwood
14.0km
85 Whatley Cr, Bayswater
14.2km
19A/6 Davallia Rd, Duncraig
14.2km
Shop 44a, 1140 Albany Highway, Bentley
14.2km
21-23 Port Pirie St, Bibra Lake Dc
14.2km
4 Marchant Way, Morley
14.2km
Shop 52 4 Collier Rd, Morley
14.3km
Shop 35 2-14 Willeri Dr, Parkwood
14.3km
225 Great Eastern Highway, Belmont
14.3km
19 Sheppard Way, Marmion
14.4km
239 Planet St Building 1, Welshpool
14.4km
125 King William St, Bayswater
14.5km
Shop 72, 675 Beach Road, Warwick
14.5km
643 Beach Rd Shop 7, Warwick
14.6km
225 Alexander Rd, Belmont
14.6km
Corner Kent Street & Queens Park Road, Wilson
14.8km
227 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
15.0km
277 Belmont Ave, Cloverdale
15.1km
Unit 2, Kewdale
15.2km
Shop 10a 59 Arnisdale Road, Duncraig
15.3km
1317 Albany Highway, Cannington
15.4km
50 Marri Rd, Duncraig
15.6km
42-58 Benara Rd, Noranda
15.6km
58 Benara Road, Noranda
15.6km
81 Ranford Road, Canning Vale
15.7km
377A Belvidere St, Cloverdale
15.7km
Unit 14, 40 Belvidere Street, Belmont
15.7km
193 Sevenoaks St, Cannington
15.8km
Shop 5, Greeenwood
15.8km
12 Cecil Ave, Cannington
15.9km
170 Bannister Road, Canning Vale
15.9km
Shop 14, South Lake
16.0km
64 Marangaroo Drive, Girrawheen
16.0km
1382 Albany Highway, Cannington
16.0km
377A Belgravia St, Cloverdale
16.0km
1363 Albany Highway, Cannington
16.0km
Shop 3a, Girrawheen
16.1km
101-103 Pilbara St, Welshpool
16.1km
1348-1386 Albany Hwy, Cannington
16.2km
Lynwood Drv, Lynwood
16.3km
71 Kent Way, Malaga
16.3km
27 Kent Way, Malaga
16.5km
24 Kent Way, Malaga
16.5km
Unit 8B/64 Kewdale Rd, Welshpool
16.6km
10 Warrigal Way, Greenwood
16.6km
1892 Beach Rd, Malaga
16.6km
U7 1904 Beach Rd, Malaga
16.6km
23 Exhibition Drive, Malaga
16.7km
Tenancy 1, 1915 Beach Road, Malaga
16.7km
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
16.7km
334 Treasure Rd, Welshpool
16.8km
37 Mulgul Rd, Malaga
17.0km
379 Boud Ave, Perth Airport
17.1km
56-70 Langford Rd, Langford
17.4km
168-182 Wanneroo Rd, Madeley
17.5km
Tenancy 4, 50 William Street, Cannington
17.8km
Unit 23/244 Beringarra Avenue, Malaga
17.8km
75 Warburton Ave, Padbury
17.9km
Unit 3 85 Walter Road E, Bassendean
18.0km
100 Kingsley Dve, Kingsley
18.2km
Shop 3 100-104 Ranford Rd, Canning Vale
18.4km
Shop 12 Lot 2 West Road, Bassendean
18.5km
202 William St, Beckenham
18.5km
Cnr Whitford & Marmion Ave, Hillarys
18.5km
Shop 20 225 Illawarra Crescent South, Ballajura
18.5km
Lot 182 Beeliar Dve, Success
18.9km
16 Riversdale St Enviro Dept, Welshpool
18.9km
20 Stockton Boulevard, Cockburn Central
18.9km
1 Affleck Rd, Perth Aiport
18.9km
Unit 20, 87 Armadale Road, Jandakot
19.1km
Unit 1, 87 Armadale Road, Cockburn
19.2km
816 Beeliar Drive, Success
19.3km
5 Trappers Drive, Woodvale
19.4km
Shop 5a 161 Altone Rd, Beechboro
19.6km
470 Whitfords Ave, Hillarys
19.6km
Shop 21 Thornlie Square S/C, Thornlie
20.0km
Shop 23, Thornlie
20.0km
2/121 James Street, Guildford
20.0km
24 Stirling St, Guildford
20.2km
271 Amherst Rd, Canning Vale
20.4km
Shop 5 73 Belmont Rd, Kenwick
20.6km
5 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
20.7km
1/11 Dellamarta Road, Wangara
20.7km
Shop 48 Attfield St, Maddington
20.8km
Shop 13, Craigie
20.9km
15 Perilya Road, Craigie
20.9km
153 Trappers Drv, Woodvale
21.1km
Shop 5 9 Gunter Grv, Beldon
21.8km
Shop 18m, Forrestfield
21.9km
530 Kalamunda Road Shop16, High Wycombe
22.0km
Unit 2/95 Kelvin Road, Maddington
22.0km
11 Salix Way, Forestfield
22.0km
1 Somerville Drive, Rottnest Island
22.5km
431 Kalamunda Rd, High Wycombe
22.7km
1048 Rockingham Rd, Wattleup
23.0km
307 Great Eastern Hwy, Midland
23.1km
4 The Gateway, Joondalup
23.2km
366 Eddystone Ave, Edgewater
23.4km
7 Honeybush Drv, Joondalup
23.5km
99 Caridean St, Heathridge
23.6km
Cnr Clayton and Lloyd Street, Midland
23.6km
15-17 Sundew Rise, Joondalup
23.6km
Unit 1, Midland Central, Midland
23.8km
Cnr Lloyd & Clayton St, Midland
23.8km
58 The Crescent, Midland
23.9km
98 Morrison Road, Midland
23.9km
2244 Albany Highway, Gosnells
24.0km
165 Postans Road, Hope Valley
24.3km
Shop 16 950 Wanneroo Road, Wanneroo
24.6km
36 Clarke Crescent, Joondalup
24.7km
Shop 7 68 Constellation Dr, Ocean Reef
24.9km
Shop 5, Wanneroo
24.9km
102 Boas Avenue, Joondalup
25.3km
Shop T140, Joondalup
25.4km
420 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup
25.4km
124 Winton Rd Unit 5, Joondalup
25.7km
4/124 Winton Road, Joondalup
25.7km
15 Dwyer Turn, Joondalup
25.8km
3/61 Farrall Road, Midvale
25.9km
243 Lesmurdie Rd, Lesmurdie
26.3km
14 Barber Street, Kalamunda
26.6km
Shop 6a 40-42 Marlboro Rd, Swan View
27.2km
98 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
27.4km
Shop 23 2784 Albany Highway, Kelmscott
27.4km
1/9 Highpoint Blvd, Ellenbrook
27.5km
11 Main St, Ellenbrook
27.5km
2/13 Page Road, Kelmscott
27.6km
82 Champion Drv, Seville Grove
27.6km
Shop 2 777 Great Northern Hwy, Herne Hill
28.0km
26 Brant Rd, Kelmscott
28.0km
155 Lawnbrook Road, Walliston
29.2km
Shop 1 206 Jull Street, Armadale
30.2km
1700 Marmion Avenue, Tamala Park
30.2km
Jull Street SHOP MM02, Level 1, Armadale SC, Armadale
30.3km
10 Prospect Road, Armadale
30.4km
50 Fourth Road, Armadale
30.5km
Shop 41, Kwinana Town Centre
30.5km
29 Ocean St, Kwinana Beach
30.8km
50 Mcglew Rd, Glen Forrest
31.3km
7 Railway Pde Shop 1, Glen Forrest
31.4km
Tenancy 11, Lifestyle Zone, Ocean Keys, Clarkson
31.5km
36 Ocean Keys Blv, Clarkson
31.7km
36 Ocean Keys Bvd, Clarkson
31.7km
21 Jarrah Rd, Roleystone
31.8km
Shop 1, Clarkson
32.4km
Tenancy 1, 3-9 Enterprise Way, Rockingham
33.3km
LOT 2443 Canning Road, Pickering Brook
33.6km
40 Crompton Road, Rockingham
33.8km
50 Kent St, Rockingham
33.9km
4 Kent St, Rockingham
34.2km
9 Mackinnon Street, Rockingham
35.1km
Shop 4, Rockingham
35.3km
875 South West Hwy, Byford
35.4km
1 Council Ave Tenancy 174, Rockingham
35.5km
1 Council Ave, Rockingham
35.6km
60 - 64 Penguin Rd, Safety Bay
37.4km
7295 Great Eastern Hwy, Mundaring
37.7km
Shop 17, Waikiki
38.2km
5345 Richardson Road, Stoneville
38.6km
28 Paterson St, Mundijong
41.0km
2529 Great Northern Hwy, Bullsbrook
41.1km
206 Warnbro Sound Ave, Warnbro
41.7km
400-402 Saltaire Way, Port Kennedy
44.7km
Lot 1 Brand Hwy, Muchea
47.6km
22 Wellard St, Serpentine
47.7km
4405 Thomas St, Chidlow
47.8km
420 Secret Harbour Bld Shop 6, Secret Harbour
48.6km
674 Jarrahdale Rd, Jarrahdale
48.8km
21 Hammond Rd. (access from gate off Spencer St), Cockburn Central
Tidy Up offers a collection service through our fleet of 8 cubic metre trucks for all sorts of waste materials to be transported to either a resource recyclers, a licensed disposal site, our Cockburn Central holding yard, or our salvage store. We offer an alternative to hiring bins or trailers for your rubbish removal needs.
Western Australia
32 Bannick Ct, Canning Vale
Same day pickup of commercial e-waste. ISO 18001 Certified ISO 14001 : 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007. Secure certified data deletion, DoD 3 & 7. Highest Industry Standards AS5377:2013. Certificate of Destruction Asset Management. Centrally Monitored Warehouse. 0% of the E-Waste Goes to the Landfill
Western Australia
4 Del Park Road, North Dandalup
We accept -10c Containers (Containers for Change) -Nespresso Pods -Mobile Phone & Accessories (Mobile Muster) -Printer Cartridges -Batteries (Car & Home) -Light Bulbs -HDPE (Milk Bottles & Other #2 Items)
Western Australia
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling scheme that has been operating for more than 20 years. There are more than 1,500 public drop-off locations around the country. So far, more than 57 million cartridges have been recycled through the scheme.
Empty laser and inkjet cartridges can be recycled at?all Officeworks?stores and participating Australia Post, Cartridge World, Harvey Norman, The Good Guys, JB Hi-Fi, Office National and Office Products Depot outlets. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Please note, some boxes may not be visible or on display due to limited store floor space. In these cases, please ask the staff at the counter and hand your cartridges directly to them.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes cartridges used in printers, photocopiers and fax machines . The program accepts inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits.
The Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program is an example of an extended producer responsibility program. The six participating brands , Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera pay for the collection and recycling of their cartridges.
When printer cartridges break apart in landfill, they have the potential to contaminate groundwater and the environment. Recycling your used cartridges instead of putting them in the bin, protects the environment and keeps the materials used to make the cartridges in use.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners, they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are disposed of into landfill these resources are lost. Recycling ensures these materials are used again, which reduces demand for mining new materials and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
All cartridges collected through the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program are sent to our recovery partner in Melbourne, Close the Loop™. The program has a zero waste to landfill guarantee, which means every part of the cartridge is recovered and used again.
At the recycling facility, the cartridges are hand sorted and their brand and type recorded. Many of the laser cartridges are sent back to the original equipment manufacturers for re-manufacturing or recovery programs.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of potentially valuable and/or hazardous raw materials, they require state-of-the-art equipment for safe processing and handling.
Inkjet cartridges, toner bottles and drum units are processed and reduced to smaller particles so they can be separated and sorted. Magnets are used to remove ferrous (iron-based) metals, while eddie currents are used to remove aluminium.
The result is the recovery of 'raw' materials, which can be substituted for 'virgin' or new materials in manufacturing to make new products.
If your workplace, business, community group, university or school uses more than three inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Yes, but they should never be placed in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other items in the bin. They can be recycled through commercial recycling services or through Australia’s free recycling program, Cartridges 4 Planet Ark . The program has thousands of recycling locations across the country, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online .
Yes, printer and toner cartridges can be dropped off for recycling at most Officeworks stores. The cartridges will be recycled through Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling point near you.
Printer cartridges from participating brands are accepted in the Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program. This includes inkjet cartridges, laser cartridges, toner bottles, fuser and drum units, fax rolls, print heads, waste hoppers/containers collectors and kits. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you.
Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
No. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home or work. They can only be recycled through specialised recycling services.
is a free recycling program that has a zero waste to landfill guarantee. There are thousands of recycling locations across the country including many retailers and Aus Post stores, making it very easy to drop off used printer and toner cartridges for recycling. Use the directory on this page to find a recycling drop-off point near you. Printer and toner cartridges should never be put in your recycling bin at home as they will contaminate the other materials in the prevent, which could prevent them from being recycled. They must be dropped off at designated collection points to be recycled.
If your workplace, business, community group, university, or school uses more than three (3) inkjet, toner cartridges or toner bottles in a month you may be eligible for a Cartridges 4 Planet Ark collection box. You can call 1800 24 24 73 or register online
Cartridges 4 Planet Ark program more than 20 years ago. The program has collected and recycled almost 57 million cartridges in that time. The program is free to use because it is supported by participating manufacturers of printer cartridges: Brother, Canon, Cartridge World, Epson, HP, and Kyocera. Our Melbourne-based recycling partner, Close the Loop recycles the cartridges and is independently audited on an annual basis for its zero waste to landfill guarantee.
As cartridges are made up of a complex mix of plastics, metal, inks and toners they represent a significant investment in resources. When they are sent to landfill instead of a recycling facility, these resources are lost. Recycling your used printer and toner cartridges ensures the materials are used again to make new products, which reduces demand to extract new materials from the earth and associated greenhouse gas emissions.